Methanol synthesis
A process for synthesising methanol comprises the steps of: (i) reforming a hydrocarbon feedstock and separating water to generate a make-up gas comprising hydrogen and carbon oxides, the make-up gas mixture having a stoichiometric number, R, R=([H 2 ]−[CO 2 ])/([CO 2 ]+[CO]) of less than 2.0, (ii) combining the make up gas with an unreacted synthesis gas to form a synthesis gas mixture, (iii) passing the synthesis gas through a bed of methanol synthesis catalyst to generate a product stream, (iv) cooling the product stream to recover a crude methanol stream from the unreacted synthesis gas, (v) removing a portion of the unreacted synthesis gas as a purge gas, and (vi) feeding the remaining unreacted synthesis gas to step (ii), wherein hydrogen is recovered from a portion of the purge gas and the make up gas, and the recovered hydrogen is included in the synthesis gas mixture.
1. A process for synthesising methanol comprising the steps of;
(i) reforming a hydrocarbon feedstock and separating water from the resulting reformed gas mixture to generate a make up gas comprising hydrogen and carbon oxides, said make up gas mixture having a stoichiometric number, R, defined by the formula; R=([H 2 ]−[CO 2 ])/([CO 2 ]+[CO]) of less than 2.0,
(ii) forming a synthesis gas mixture consisting of said make up gas, an unreacted synthesis gas and a hydrogen stream,
(iii) passing the synthesis gas mixture at elevated temperature and pressure through a bed of methanol synthesis catalyst to generate a product stream comprising methanol and unreacted synthesis gas,
(iv) cooling said product stream to recover a crude methanol stream from said unreacted synthesis gas,
(v) removing a portion of said unreacted synthesis gas as a purge gas, and
(vi) feeding the remaining unreacted synthesis gas to step (ii)
wherein hydrogen is recovered using a hydrogen recovery unit from at least a portion of said purge gas and a portion of said make up gas, and the recovered hydrogen is included in the synthesis gas mixture.
2. A process according to claim 1 wherein the hydrogen recovery unit is a pressure swing hydrogen recovery unit.
3. A process according to claim 1 wherein the hydrogen recovery unit is a membrane hydrogen recovery unit.
4. A process according to claim 2 wherein the recovered hydrogen is added to said unreacted synthesis gas or added to the make up gas that is combined with said unreacted synthesis gas.
5. A process according to claim 3 wherein the recovered hydrogen is fed to the make up gas that is combined with said unreacted synthesis gas.
6. A process according to claim 1 wherein the bed of methanol synthesis catalyst is disposed in a reactor in which the catalyst bed is cooled by the synthesis gas mixture passing through tubes disposed within the catalyst bed.
7. A process according to claim 1 wherein the product stream is cooled in separate stages of heat exchange with water under pressure.
8. A process according to claim 1 wherein the purge gas provides between 5 and 95% of the required hydrogen on a molar basis to bring the value of R towards 2.0.
9. A process according to claim 1 wherein all the purge gas is fed to the hydrogen recovery unit.
10. A process according to claim 1 wherein the amount of make up gas fed to the hydrogen recovery unit comprises <20% by volume of the make up gas provided by the reforming stage.
11. A process according to claim 1 wherein the reforming step is performed by autothermal reforming.
12. A process according to claim 1 wherein the crude methanol is distilled to obtain a substantially pure methanol product.