Bioassays using plasmonic scattering from noble metal nanostructures
The present invention relates to detecting and/or measuring scattering effects due to the aggregating metallic nanostructures or the interaction of plasmonic emissions from approaching metallic nanoparticles. The scattering effects may be measured at different angles, different wavelengths, changes in absorption and/or changes in polarization relative to changes in the distances between nanoparticles.
1. A biosensing method for measuring concentration of an analyte that induces colloidal aggregation, the method comprising:
(a) preparing small metallic colloids comprising a metal and at least partially coated with a binding component having an affinity for the analyte, and wherein the small metallic colloids are sized to scatter light according to the Rayleigh theory and range from 10 nm to 40 nm;
(b) contacting the small metallic colloids with an analyte that has an affinity for the binding component to form an analyte/binding component complex, wherein the analyte has the ability to bind to multiple binding components forming aggregates of metallic colloids; and
(c) measuring the change in intensity of scattered light from small metallic colloids relative to the intensity of scattered light measured for aggregates of metallic colloidals when exposed to electromagnetic radiation at a frequency that is absorbed and scattered, wherein the intensity of the scattered light is measured at two angles relative to the incident light and a change of the ratio is determined between the measured values at the two angles, and wherein the value of the ratio decreases as aggregation increases.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the analyte is an amino acid sequence or nucleotide sequence.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the small metallic colloids are gold or silver particles.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the angles for measuring intensities comprise from 40 to 160 degrees for one angle and from 200 to 320 degrees for the second angle.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the intensity of the scattered light from the small metallic colloids is measured before introducing the analyte and after contact with the analyte, wherein the intensity of the scattered light is measured at the same two angles.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic radiation is applied by a monochromatic laser light at a frequency similar to plasmon absorption maxima of the metallic colloids.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic radiation is applied by a monochromatic laser light at a frequency similar to plasmon absorption maxima of the metallic colloids.