Fitting of brightness in a visual prosthesis
The invention is a method of automatically adjusting an electrode array to the neural characteristics of an individual patient. The perceptual response to electrical neural stimulation varies from patient to patient and the response to electrical neural stimulation varies from patient to patient and the relationship between current and perceived brightness is often non-linear. It is necessary to determine this relationship to fit the prosthesis settings for each patient. It is advantageous to map the perceptual responses to stimuli. The method of mapping of the present invention is to provide a plurality of stimuli that vary in current, voltage, pulse duration, frequency, or some other dimension; measuring and recording the response to those stimuli; deriving a formula or equation describing the map from the individual points; storing the formula; and using that formula to map future stimulation.
1. A visual prosthesis, comprising:
an array of electrodes suitable to be placed in proximity to visual neural tissue;
a camera for receiving a visual scene; and
a control device coupling said camera to said array of electrodes including
a neural stimulator for applying a plurality of stimuli to visual neural tissue;
means for measuring brightness responses to said stimuli;
means for deriving a formula starting from empirical data of said brightness responses, said formula corresponding to a curve fitting of the empirical data; and
means for generating stimuli by applying said formula to visual input from said camera.
2. The visual prosthesis according to claim 1 , wherein said means for measuring brightness responses is a means for measuring neural activity in the retina.
3. The visual prosthesis according to claim 1 , wherein said means for measuring brightness responses is a means for measuring neural activity in the visual cortex.
4. The visual prosthesis according to claim 1 , wherein said means for measuring brightness responses is a means for measuring a patient's reported responses.
5. The visual prosthesis according to claim 1 , wherein said means for measuring brightness responses is a means for measuring movement of the iris.
6. The visual prosthesis according to claim 1 , wherein said means for generating stimuli varies by applied current.
7. The visual prosthesis according to claim 1 , wherein said means for generating stimuli varies by applied voltage.
8. The visual prosthesis according to claim 1 , wherein said means for generating stimuli varies by applied frequency.
9. The visual prosthesis according to claim 1 , wherein said means for generating stimuli varies by applied pulse duration.
10. The visual prosthesis according to claim 1 , wherein said formula is a function
B=aI b ,
wherein B represents brightness, I represents current amplitude, and a and b represent parameters estimated from fitting the empirical data.
11. A visual prosthesis, comprising:
an array of electrodes suitable to be placed in proximity to a retina;
electronics within an hermetic package suitable to be implanted within a human body electrically coupled to and driving said electrodes;
a secondary coil suitable to be implanted within the human body electrically coupled to said electronics, receiving power and data for said electronics;
a primary coil suitable to be external to the human body providing said power and data to said secondary coil;
a camera for receiving a visual scene; and
a control device coupling said camera to said primary coil including
means for sending data for a series of stimuli;
means for measuring brightness responses to said stimuli;
means for deriving a formula starting from empirical data of said brightness responses, said formula corresponding to a curve fitting of the empirical data; and
means for generating stimuli by applying said formula to visual input from said camera.
12. The visual prosthesis according to claim 1 , wherein said means for measuring brightness responses is a means for measuring neural activity in the retina.
13. The visual prosthesis according to claim 1 , wherein said means for measuring brightness responses is a means for measuring neural activity in the visual cortex.
14. The visual prosthesis according to claim 1 , wherein said means for measuring brightness responses is a means for measuring a patient's reported responses.
15. The visual prosthesis according to claim 1 , wherein said means for measuring brightness responses is a means for measuring movement of the iris.
16. The visual prosthesis according to claim 1 , wherein said means for generating stimuli varies by applied current.
17. The visual prosthesis according to claim 1 , wherein said means for generating stimuli varies by applied voltage.
18. The visual prosthesis according to claim 1 , wherein said means for generating stimuli varies by applied frequency.
19. The visual prosthesis according to claim 1 , wherein said means for generating stimuli varies by applied pulse duration.
20. The visual prosthesis according to claim 11 , wherein said formula is a function
B=aI b ,
wherein B represents brightness, I represents current amplitude, and a and b represent parameters estimated from fitting the empirical data.