FACET ARTHROPLASTY DEVICES AND METHODS
Devices and surgical methods treat various types of adult spinal pathologies, such as degenerative spondylolisthesis, spinal stenosis, degenerative lumbar scoliosis, and kypho-scoliosis. Various types of spinal joint replacement prostheses, surgical procedures for performing spinal joint replacements, and surgical instruments are used to perform the surgical procedures.
1 . A facet joint prosthesis for replacing a natural facet joint comprising first and second facets, the prosthesis comprising: a) a superior facet joint component having a superior outer surface adapted to attach to a superior facet, b) an inferior facet joint component having an inferior outer surface adapted to attach to an inferior facet, and c) a ligament adapted to constrain relative movement between the facets.
2 . The prosthesis of claim 1 wherein the superior and inferior components are integral.
3 . The prosthesis of claim 1 wherein the superior and inferior components are not integral.
4 . The prosthesis of claim 1 wherein the ligament comprises a first attachment end portion adapted to attach to a first portion of the superior facet joint component.
5 . The prosthesis of claim 1 wherein the ligament comprises a first attachment end portion adapted to attach to a natural vertebra.
6 . The prosthesis of claim 1 wherein the ligament comprises a first attachment end portion adapted to attach to the first facet.
7 . The prosthesis of claim 1 wherein the ligament comprises a first attachment end portion adapted to attach to an anchor adapted to attach to a natural vertebra.
8 . The prosthesis of claim 8 wherein the anchor is a pedicle screw.
9 . The prosthesis of claim 1 adapted to limit extension.
10 . The prosthesis of claim 1 adapted to limit axial compression.
11 . The prosthesis of claim 1 adapted to limit flexion.
12 . The prosthesis of claim 1 wherein at least one of the superior or the inferior components has a convex articulating surface.
13 . The prosthesis of claim 1 wherein at least one of the superior and inferior components has a conforming articulating surface.
14 . The prosthesis of claim 1 wherein the ligament has a flexible portion.
15 . The prosthesis of claim 14 wherein the flexible portion is curved.
16 . The prosthesis of claim 1 wherein the ligament is inflexible.