Zone coated filter, emission treatment systems and methods
View Patent ↗Exhaust treatment filters, systems, and methods are disclosed. According to one or more embodiments, a particulate filter is zone coated with an oxidation catalyst and is used in an emission treatment system or method including a NOx reducing catalyst and an optional NH 3 destruction catalyst.
1. An emission treatment system for treatment of an exhaust stream
comprising NO x and particulate matter, the emission treatment system comprising:
a filter comprising a substrate having a plurality of passages and elements for trapping particulate contained in an exhaust stream flowing through the filter, the substrate having an inlet end and an outlet end defining an axial length, the inlet end of the substrate having a quantity of platinum group metal composition comprising platinum and palladium disposed thereon and extending for less than 50% of the axial length to periodically light off fuel at a temperature of less than about 300° C. and to produce an exotherm sufficient to burn off trapped particulate in the filter, wherein active regeneration of the filter can be accomplished by the filter alone, without a separate upstream, light-off oxidation catalyst; and
a NOx reducing catalyst located downstream from the particulate filter.
2. The emission treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the platinum group metal is present in a loading amount of at least about 30 g/ft 3 and extends for less than about 50% of the axial length of the filter.
3. The emission treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the platinum group metal is present in a loading amount of at least about 40 g/ft 3 and extends for less than about 50% of the axial length of the filter.
4. The emission treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the catalytic composition comprises platinum and palladium in a ratio of Pt:Pd of from 10:1 to 1:2.
5. The emission treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the platinum group metal is present in a loading amount of at least about 20 g/ft 3 and extends for less than about 50% of the axial length of the filter.
6. The emission treatment system of claim 5 , wherein the substrate is in the form of a wall flow monolith having a plurality of longitudinally extending passages bounded by longitudinally extending walls, the passages comprising inlet passages having an open inlet end and a closed outlet end, and outlet passages having a closed inlet end and an open outlet end, the walls having a porosity of at least 40% with an average pore size of at least 5 microns and platinum group metal composition permeating the walls and extending from the inlet end towards the outlet end to a length that is less than the axial length of the walls to provide an inlet zone.
7. The emission treatment system of claim 6 , wherein the longitudinally extending walls have a catalytic coating thereon underlying the platinum group metal composition, the catalytic coating extending the entire axial length of the filter.
8. The emission treatment system of claim 7 , wherein the catalytic composition comprises a base metal oxide.
9. An emission treatment system for treatment of an exhaust stream comprising NO x and particulate matter, the emission treatment system comprising:
a particulate filter having an axial length and elements for trapping particulate matter contained in an exhaust stream flowing through the filter and a light-off oxidation catalyst composition comprising platinum and palladium extending from the inlet end towards the outlet end to a length that is less than the axial length of the walls to provide an inlet zone in an amount sufficient to periodically light-off fuel at less than about 300° C. and generate an exotherm to burn soot trapped in the filter, wherein active regeneration of the filter can be accomplished by the filter alone, without a separate upstream, light-off oxidation catalyst; and
a NOx reducing catalyst located downstream from the particulate filter.
10. The emission treatment system of claim 9 , wherein the particulate filter comprises a wall flow monolith disposed within the exhaust stream and having a plurality of longitudinally extending passages bounded by longitudinally extending walls, the passages comprising inlet passages having an open inlet end and a closed outlet end, and outlet passages having a closed inlet end and an open outlet end, the walls having a porosity of at least 40% with an average pore size of at least 5 microns and the wall flow monolith comprising a light-off oxidation catalyst composition permeating the walls.
11. The emission treatment system of claim 10 , further comprising an NH 3 destruction catalyst located downstream from the NO x reducing catalyst.
12. The emission treatment system of claim 10 , wherein the NO x reducing catalyst comprises a lean NO x catalyst.
13. The emission treatment system of claim 12 , further comprising a reductant introduction port in fluid communication with a hydrocarbon reductant, the reductant introduction port located upstream from the lean NOx catalyst.
14. The emission treatment system of claim 12 , wherein the NO x reducing catalyst comprises a lean NOx trap.
15. The emission treatment system of claim 12 , wherein the NO x reducing catalyst comprises an SCR catalyst.
16. The emission treatment system of claim 15 , further comprising an introduction port located upstream from the SCR catalyst, the introduction port in fluid communication with an ammonia source or ammonia precursor.
17. The emission treatment system of claim 16 , further comprising an injector in fluid communication with the introduction port, the injector configured to periodically meter the ammonia or an ammonia precursor into the exhaust stream.
18. The emission treatment system of claim 17 , further comprising an NH 3 destruction catalyst located downstream from the SCR catalyst.
19. The emission treatment system of claim 10 , further comprising an exotherm-producing agent introduction port located upstream of the wall flow monolith, the exotherm-producing agent introduction port in fluid communication with an exotherm-producing agent capable of generating a temperature sufficient to periodically burn particulate accumulated in the wall-flow monolith.
20. The emission treatment system of claim 19 , wherein the exotherm-producing agent comprises diesel fuel.
21. The emission treatment system of claim 9 , the oxidation catalyst comprising platinum and palladium.
22. The emission treatment system of claim 21 , the platinum and palladium are present in a ratio being in the range of about 10:1 and 1:2.
23. An emission treatment system for treatment of an exhaust stream comprising NO x and particulate matter, the emission treatment system comprising:
a filter comprising a wall flow monolith disposed within the exhaust stream and having a plurality of longitudinally extending passages bounded by longitudinally extending walls, the passages comprising inlet passages having an open inlet end and a closed outlet end, and outlet passages having a closed inlet end and an open outlet end, the walls having a porosity of at least 40% with an average pore size of at least 5 microns and the wall flow monolith comprising a quantity of a light-off oxidation catalyst composition comprising platinum and palladium permeating the walls and extending from the inlet end towards the outlet end to a length that is less than the axial length of the walls to provide an inlet zone in an amount sufficient to periodically light-off fuel at less than about 300° C. and generate an exotherm to burn soot trapped in the filter, wherein active regeneration of the filter can be accomplished by the filter alone, without a separate upstream, light-off oxidation catalyst;
an SCR catalyst located downstream from the wall flow monolith; and
an injector for injecting ammonia or ammonia precursor into the exhaust gas stream upstream of the SCR catalyst.
24. The emission treatment system of claim 23 , further comprising an NH 3 destruction catalyst located downstream from the SCR catalyst.
25. The emission treatment system of claim 24 , comprising an exotherm-producing agent injector located upstream of the wall-flow monolith.
26. The emission treatment system of claim 23 , wherein the light-off oxidation catalyst comprises platinum and palladium.
27. The emission treatment system of claim 26 , the platinum and palladium are present in a ratio being in the range of about 10:1 and 1:2.
28. A method of treating exhaust stream from a diesel engine comprising:
disposing within the exhaust stream containing particulate matter a wall flow monolith and having a plurality of longitudinally extending passages bounded by longitudinally extending walls, the passages comprising inlet passages having an open inlet end and a closed outlet end, and outlet passages having a closed inlet end and an open outlet end, the walls having a porosity of at least 40% with an average pore size of at least 5 microns and the wall flow monolith comprising a light-off oxidation catalyst composition comprising platinum and palladium permeating the walls and extending from the inlet end towards the outlet end to a length that is less than the axial length of the walls to provide an inlet zone in an amount sufficient to periodically light off fuel at less than about 300° C. and generate an exotherm to burn soot trapped in the wall flow monolith, wherein active regeneration of the wall flow monolith can be accomplished by the wall flow monolith alone, without a separate upstream, light off oxidation catalyst;
disposing a NOx reducing catalyst downstream from the wall flow monolith; and
periodically introducing an exotherm-producing agent upstream of the wall flow monolith to generate an exotherm in the wall flow monolith sufficient to combust particulate matter trapped within the wall flow monolith.
29. An emission treatment system for treatment of an exhaust stream comprising NO x and particulate matter, the emission treatment system comprising:
a substrate in the form of a wall flow monolith having a plurality of passages and elements for trapping particulate contained in an exhaust stream flowing through the filter, the substrate having an inlet end and an outlet end, the inlet end of the substrate having a quantity of platinum group metal composition comprising platinum and palladium disposed thereon present in a loading amount of at least about 40 g/ft 3 and extending for less than about 50% of the axial length of the filter to periodically light off fuel at a temperature of less than about 300° C. and to produce an exotherm sufficient to burn off trapped particulate in the wall flow monolith; and
a NOx reducing catalyst located downstream from the wall flow monolith.
30. The emission treatment system of claim 29 , the platinum and palladium are present in a ratio being in the range of about 10:1 and 1:2.
31. The emission treatment system of claim 29 , wherein the light-off oxidation catalyst comprises platinum and palladium.
32. The emission treatment system of claim 31 , the platinum and palladium are present in a ratio being in the range of about 10:1 and 1:2.