High exhaust temperature, zoned, electrically-heated particulate matter filter
A system includes a particulate matter (PM) filter, an electric heater, and a control circuit. The electric heater includes multiple zones, which each correspond to longitudinal zones along a length of the PM filter. A first zone includes multiple discontinuous sub-zones. The control circuit determines whether regeneration is needed based on an estimated level of loading of the PM filter and an exhaust flow rate. In response to a determination that regeneration is needed, the control circuit: controls an operating parameter of an engine to increase an exhaust temperature to a first temperature during a first period; after the first period, activates the first zone; deactivates the first zone in response to a minimum filter face temperature being reached; subsequent to deactivating the first zone, activates a second zone; and deactivates the second zone in response to the minimum filter face temperature being reached.
1. A system comprising:
a particulate matter (PM) filter including an upstream end for receiving exhaust gas and a downstream end;
an electric heater that is arranged one of spaced from and in contact with the upstream end, wherein the electric heater comprises N zones, wherein N is an integer greater than one, wherein the N zones correspond to longitudinal zones along a length of the PM filter, and wherein a first zone of the N zones of the electric heater includes multiple discontinuous heater sub-zones; and
a control circuit that
determines whether regeneration is needed based on an estimated level of loading of the PM filter and an exhaust flow rate, and
in response to a determination that regeneration is needed, (i) controls an operating parameter of an engine to increase an exhaust temperature to a first temperature during a first period, (ii) after the first period, activates the first zone of the electric heater to initiate regeneration of downstream portions of the PM filter, (iii) deactivates the first zone of the electric heater in response to a minimum filter face temperature being reached, (iv) subsequent to deactivating the first zone, activates a second zone of the N zones of the electric heater, and (v) deactivates the second zone of the electric heater in response to the minimum filter face temperature being reached.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein controlling the operating parameter of the engine includes modifying at least one of fuel delivery to the engine and spark timing.
3. The system of claim 1 further comprising a fuel burner, wherein controlling the operating parameter of the engine includes using the fuel burner to selectively introduce fuel into exhaust gas between the engine and the PM filter.
4. The system of claim 1 further comprising a catalytic oxidizer, wherein controlling the operating parameter of the engine includes injecting excess fuel after an exhaust cycle of the engine.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein each zone of the N zones of the electric heater includes multiple discontinuous heater sub-zones.
6. The system of claim 5 wherein:
the electric heater includes a center portion, a middle portion surrounding the center portion, and an outer portion surrounding the middle portion,
the center portion includes a central sub-zone,
the middle portion includes a first circumferential band of sub-zones,
the outer portion includes a second circumferential band of sub-zones,
the first zone of the electric heater is composed of the central sub-zone and at least one sub-zone of the first second circumferential band of sub-zones,
the second zone of the electric heater is composed of a first plurality of sub-zones of the first circumferential band of sub-zones,
a third zone of the N zones of the electric heater is composed of a second plurality of sub-zones of the first circumferential band of sub-zones,
the first plurality of sub-zones and the second plurality of sub-zones are mutually exclusive, and
a fourth zone of the N zones of the electric heater is composed of a plurality of sub-zones of the second circumferential band of sub-zones.
7. The system of claim 1 wherein the control circuit completes regeneration of the PM filter by repeating the activating and the deactivating for each zone of the N zones of the electric heater.
8. The system of claim 1 wherein the control circuit:
estimates a heating period sufficient to reach the minimum filter face temperature based on a heater current, a heater voltage, the exhaust flow rate, and the exhaust temperature; and
deactivates the first zone of the electric heater upon the heating period expiring, wherein the heating period begins upon activation of the first zone of the electric heater.
9. The system of claim 1 wherein the control circuit:
determines at least one of a heater current and a heater voltage based on a predetermined heating period, the exhaust flow rate, and the exhaust temperature;
activates the first zone of the electric heater by applying the heater current and the heater voltage to the first zone of the electric heater; and
deactivates the first zone of the electric heater upon the predetermined heating period expiring, wherein the predetermined heating period begins upon activation of the first zone of the electric heater.
10. The system of claim 1 wherein the control circuit:
estimates the estimated level of loading of the PM filter;
determines that regeneration is needed in response to (i) a comparison of the estimated level of loading of the PM filter to a predetermined level and, concurrently, (ii) the exhaust flow rate being within a predetermined range; and
varies a duration of regeneration based on the estimated level of loading of the PM filter.
11. A method comprising:
providing a particulate matter (PM) filter including an upstream end for receiving exhaust gas and a downstream end;
arranging an electric heater one of spaced from and in contact with the upstream end, wherein the electric heater comprises N zones, wherein N is an integer greater than one, and wherein the N zones correspond to longitudinal zones along a length of the PM filter, and wherein a first zone of the N zones of the electric heater includes multiple discontinuous heater sub-zones;
determining whether regeneration is needed based on an estimated level of loading of the PM filter and an exhaust flow rate; and
in response to a determination that regeneration is needed,
controlling an operating parameter of an engine to increase an exhaust temperature to a first temperature during a first period,
after the first period, activating the first zone of the electric heater to initiate regeneration of downstream portions of the PM filter,
deactivating the first zone of the electric heater in response to a minimum filter face temperature being reached,
subsequent to deactivating the first zone, activating a second zone of the N zones of the electric heater, and
deactivating the second zone of the electric heater in response to the minimum filter face temperature being reached.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein controlling the operating parameter of the engine includes modifying at least one of fuel delivery to the engine and spark timing.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein controlling the operating parameter of the engine includes using a fuel burner to selectively introduce fuel into exhaust gas between the engine and the PM filter.
14. The method of claim 11 wherein controlling the operating parameter of the engine includes injecting excess fuel after an exhaust cycle of the engine.
15. The method of claim 11 wherein each zone of the N zones of the electric heater includes multiple discontinuous heater sub-zones.
16. The method of claim 11 further comprising completing regeneration of the PM filter by repeating the activating and the deactivating for each zone of the N zones of the electric heater.
17. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
estimating a heating period sufficient to reach the minimum filter face temperature based on a heater current, a heater voltage, the exhaust flow rate, and the exhaust temperature,
wherein the deactivating the first zone of the electric heater is performed upon the heating period expiring, and
wherein the heating period begins upon activation of the first zone of the electric heater.
18. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
determining at least one of a heater current and a heater voltage based on a predetermined heating period, the exhaust flow rate, and the exhaust temperature,
wherein the activating the first zone of the electric heater is performed by applying the heater current and the heater voltage to the first zone of the electric heater,
wherein the deactivating the first zone of the electric heater is performed upon the predetermined heating period expiring, and
wherein the predetermined heating period begins upon activation of the first zone of the electric heater.
19. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
estimating the estimated level of loading of the PM filter,
wherein the determination that regeneration is needed is made in response to (i) a comparison of the estimated level of loading of the PM filter to a predetermined level and, concurrently, (ii) the exhaust flow rate being within a predetermined range; and
varying a duration of regeneration based on the estimated level of loading of the PM filter.