Method and apparatus to reduce dielectric discharge in liquid crystal devices driven with high voltages

1. A method for forming a liquid crystal cell comprising:

covering a portion of a surface of a substrate with a shadow mask;

depositing a substantially transparent conductive film onto the surface of the substrate such that the conductive film is tapered at a first end and a second end;

placing a first mechanical mask covering a first portion of the conductive film and a second mechanical mask covering a second portion of the conductive film; and

depositing a gold layer on top of the conductive film such that the gold layer is tapered at a first end of the gold layer and at a second end of the gold layer.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the first portion of the conductive film is tapered with a substantially linear profile.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the conductive film includes a substantially uniform portion with a substantially uniform height positioned between the first portion of the conductive film and the second end of the conductive film.

4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

providing a second substrate having a surface;

covering a portion of the surface of the second substrate with a second shadow mask; and

depositing a second conductive film onto the surface of the second substrate such that the second conductive film is tapered at a first end and a second end of the second conductive film,

5. The method of claim 4 further comprising:

placing a third mechanical mask covering a first portion of the second conductive film and a fourth mechanical mask covering a second portion of the second conductive film; and

depositing a metal layer on top of the second conductive film such that the metal layer is tapered at a first end and a second end of the metal layer.

6. A method for forming a liquid crystal cell comprising:

providing a first substrate having a top surface which includes a first portion;

providing a first shadow mask having a top surface and a bottom surface defining a thickness therebetween;

positioning the first shadow mask above the first portion of the top surface of the first substrate such that the first shadow mask is spaced apart from the top surface of the first substrate by a first masking distance which is greater than the thickness of the first shadow mask; and

depositing, on the top surface of the first substrate, a first conductive film to produce a first tapered end, a second end, a plurality of thicknesses and a first tapered portion which has a length defined along the top surface of the first substrate and includes the first tapered end of the first conductive film,

wherein the length of the first tapered portion of the first conductive film is greater than the greatest thickness of the plurality of thicknesses of the first conductive film, the first tapered portion of the first conductive film is tapered with a substantially linear profile, and the first tapered portion of the first conductive film reduces an alternating current dielectric discharge in the liquid crystal cell.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein the second end of the first conductive film is tapered, and the first conductive film further includes a substantially uniform portion with a substantially uniform height between the first tapered portion and the second end of the first conductive film.

8. The method of claim 6 wherein a finite resistivity of the first conductive film to an alternating current or voltage in the liquid crystal cell is greater than 100 Ohm/in 2 .

9. The method of claim 6 wherein the liquid crystal cell further includes a second conductive film and a liquid crystal cell gap which is defined as a distance between the first and the second conductive films, such that the length of the first tapered portion of the first conductive film is at least ten times greater than the liquid crystal cell gap.

10. The method of claim 6 further comprising:

positioning a first mechanical mask above the first end of the first conductive film; and

depositing, on top of the first conductive film, a first metal layer having a first end and a second end such that the first metal layer tapers at the first end of the first metal layer.

11. The method of claim 10 further comprising:

positioning a second mechanical mask above the second end of the first conductive film such that the first metal layer tapers at the second end of the first metal layer.

12. The method of claim 6 further comprising:

providing a second substrate having a top surface which includes a first portion;

providing a second shadow mask having a top surface and a bottom surface defining a thickness of the second shadow mask therebetween;

positioning the second shadow mask above the first portion of the top surface of the second substrate such that the second shadow mask is spaced apart from the top surface of the second substrate by a second masking distance which is greater than the thickness of the second shadow mask; and

depositing, on the top surface of the second substrate, a second conductive film to produce a first tapered end, a second end, a plurality of thicknesses and a first tapered portion which has a length defined along the first portion of the top surface of the second substrate and includes the first tapered end of the second conductive film,

wherein the length of the first tapered portion of the second conductive film is greater than the greatest thickness of the plurality of thicknesses of the first tapered portion of the second conductive film, the first tapered portion of the second conductive film is tapered with a substantially linear profile, and the first tapered portion of the second conductive film reduces the alternating current dielectric discharge in the liquid crystal cell.

13. The method of claim 12 further comprising;

positioning a third mechanical mask above the first end of the second conductive film and a fourth mechanical mask above the second end of the second conductive film; and

depositing a second metal layer on the second conductive film such that the second metal layer is tapered at a first end and a second end of the second metal layer.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the first and the second metal layers face each other to form a space therebetween.

15. A liquid crystal cell comprising:

a first substrate having a top surface which includes a first portion; and

a first conductive film having a first tapered end, a second end, a plurality of thicknesses and a first tapered portion which has a length defined along the first portion of the top surface of the first substrate and includes the first tapered end of the first conductive film,

wherein the length of the first tapered portion is greater than the greatest thickness of the plurality of thicknesses of the first conductive film, the first tapered portion of the first conductive film is tapered with a substantially linear profile, and the first tapered portion of the first conductive film reduces an alternating current dielectric discharge in the liquid crystal cell.

16. The liquid crystal cell of claim 15 further comprising:

a second substrate having a top surface which includes a first portion; and

a second, conductive film having a first tapered end, a second end, a plurality of thicknesses and a first tapered portion which has a length defined along the first portion of the top surface of the second substrate,

wherein the length of the first tapered portion of the second conductive film is greater than the greatest thickness of the plurality of thicknesses of the second conductive film, the first tapered portion of the second conductive film is tapered with a substantially linear profile, and the first tapered portion of the second conductive film reduces the alternating current dielectric discharge in the liquid crystal cell.

17. The liquid crystal cell of claim 16 further comprising:

a first metal layer having a first tapered end and being formed on the first conductive film.

18. The liquid crystal cell of claim 17 further comprising:

a second metal layer having a first tapered and being formed on the second conductive film.

19. The liquid crystal cell of claim 18 Wherein the first metal layer further includes a second tapered end, and the second metal layer further includes a second tapered end.

20. The liquid crystal cell of claim 16 further comprising:

a liquid crystal cell gap defined as a distance between the first and the second conductive films, wherein the length of the first tapered portion of the first conductive film is at least ten times greater than the liquid crystal cell gap.