Resolution antenna array using metamaterials

1. An antenna array comprising:

at least one metamaterial transmit array, the at least one transmit array comprising a plurality of metamaterial elements, the at least one transmit array having a near-field, the plurality of metamaterial elements comprising a first lens; and

at least one near-field stimulator for inputting an electromagnetic signal to the transmit array so that a sub-wavelength target is illuminated with an electromagnetic wave.

2. The antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the at least one stimulator is selected from the group consisting of a near-field probe, port, an antenna, or a combination thereof.

3. The antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic wave has a frequency of less than about 1.5 GHz and greater than about 50 KHz.

4. The antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic wave has a frequency between about 50 kHz and about 600 MHz.

5. The antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic wave has a frequency of about 100 kHz.

6. The antenna array of claim 1 , further comprising an antenna, used to stimulate the metamaterial elements of the metamaterial transmit array to produce near-field signals.

7. The antenna array of claim 1 , further comprising at least one first control component, the at least one first control component in operative communication with the at least one transmit array, the first control component being selected from the group consisting of tunable resonant components and tunable resonant sub-circuits.

8. The antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic wave has a frequency and incident power level sufficient to penetrate metal.

9. The antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic wave is sufficient to damage electronics enclosed in metal with or without burning through the metal.

10. The antenna array of claim 1 , further comprising:

at least one metamaterial receive array, the at least one receive array constructed and arranged to receive a return wave reflected from an object of interest, the return wave comprising a near-field component and a far-field component, the return wave having a frequency less than about 1 GHz and greater than about 50 KHz, the at least one receive array comprising a plurality of metamaterial elements, the plurality of metamaterial elements comprising a second lens; and

at least one near-field sensing component in operative communication with the at least one receive array.

11. The antenna array of claim 10 , further comprising a far-field filter circuit, the far-field filter circuit constructed and arranged to separate the far-field component and the near-field component.

12. The antenna array of claim 10 , wherein the metamaterial elements comprising the first lens and the second lens are selected from the group consisting of an integrated circuit or resonator, a distributed circuit or resonator, and a lumped element circuit or resonator, or a combination thereof.

13. The antenna array of claim 10 , further comprising an amplitude discrimination component.

14. The antenna array of claim 10 , further comprising a far-field conditioning component, a near-field conditioning component, a far-field processing component, a near-field processing component, and a signal combining and processing component.

15. The antenna array of claim 10 , wherein the at least one near-field sensing component is selected from the group consisting of at least one near-field probe, at least one impedance port, at least one high impedance probe, at least one antenna, at least one antenna array, or a combination thereof.

16. The antenna array of claim 10 , further comprising at least one second control component, the at least one second control component in operative communication with at least one receive array, the at least one second control component being selected from the group consisting of tunable resonant components and tunable resonant sub-circuits.

17. The antenna array of claim 10 , wherein the receive array comprises high permittivity and high permeability materials.

18. The antenna array of claim 10 , wherein the transmit array comprises high permittivity and high permeability materials.

19. The antenna array of claim 10 , further comprising tuning components to implement a mixing function at the metamaterial elements, lens, or antennas.

20. The antenna array of claim 10 , wherein the receive array has a first focal point, and wherein a transmit array has a second focal point, the first focal point being swept across the second focal point of the transmit lens or vice versa, the first focal point and the second focal point only partially overlapping.

21. An antenna array comprising:

at least one metamaterial transmit array, the at least one transmit array comprising a plurality of metamaterial elements, the at least one transmit array having a near-field, the plurality of metamaterial elements comprising a first lens; and

at least one near-field stimulator for inputting an electromagnetic signal to the transmit array so that a sub-wavelength target is illuminated with an electromagnetic wave, wherein the electromagnetic wave has a frequency less than about 1 GHz and greater than about 50 KHz;

at least one metamaterial receive array, the at least one receive array constructed and arranged to receive a return wave reflected from an object of interest, the return wave comprising a near-field component and a far-field component, the return wave having a frequency less than about 1 GHz and greater than about 50 KHz, the at least one receive array comprising a plurality of metamaterial elements, the plurality of metamaterial elements comprising a second lens;

at least one near-field sensing component in operative communication with the at least one receive array; and

a far-field filter circuit, the far-field filter circuit constructed and arranged to separate the far-field component and the near-field component.