Method for Replicating Influenza Virus in Culture
The invention is related to a method for selecting an influenza virus for growth on tissue culture cells to produce a tissue-culture adapted viral isolate. The invention also includes vaccines produced from the isolate.
1 . A method of selecting a human influenza virus for growth on tissue culture cells by limiting dilution cloning, the method comprising:
serially diluting an influenza virus isolate and
contacting each dilution with cultured cells:
growing the cells for a time sufficient to produce cytopathic effects (CPE);
harvesting virus from the highest dilution that causes CPE; and
repeating the process with the harvested virus.
2 . The method of claim 1 further comprising admixing the influenza virus isolate with an effective amount of trypsin before contacting the cultured cells.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the trypsin is type IX trypsin.
4 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the step of contacting the tissue-culture adapted isolate with the tissue culture cells is carried out at an MOI of less than about 0.01.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the tissue culture cells are mammalian embryonic kidney cells.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the mammalian embryonic kidney cells are human embryonic kidney cells.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the influenza virus is an influenza A, B, or C virus.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the influenza A virus is an H5N1 strain.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the influenza virus isolate is initially grown in embryonated eggs to obtain a large inoculum for adaptation to tissue culture.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the influenza virus isolate is initially grown on the amniotic membrane.
11 . A method for the production of a human influenza virus vaccine comprising purifying the harvested virus of claim 1 .
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the step of purifying is carried out using size exclusion chromatography.
13 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising treating the virus with an amount of binary ethyleneimine (BEI) effective to inactivate the virus.
14 . An immunogenic composition comprising a BEI-inactivated human influenza virus and an adjuvant.
15 . A vaccine comprising a human influenza virus formulated at less than 4 μg of human influenza HA per dose wherein at least 70% of the HA has the same amino acid sequence.
16 . The vaccine of claim 15 , wherein the human influenza virus is inactivated by BEI.
17 . The vaccine of claim 15 , wherein the vaccine further comprises ISCOM.
18 . The vaccine of claim 15 , wherein at least 90% of the HA has the same amino acid sequence.
19 . A method of selecting a canine influenza virus (CIV) H3N8 for growth on tissue culture cells by limiting dilution cloning, the method comprising:
serially diluting an influenza virus isolate and
contacting each dilution with cultured cells;
growing the cells for a time sufficient to produce cytopathic effects (CPE);
harvesting virus from the highest dilution that causes CPE; and
repeating the process with the harvested virus.
20 . The method of claim 19 , further comprising admixing the influenza virus isolate with an effective amount of trypsin before contacting the cultured cells.
21 . the method of claim 19 , wherein the trypsin is type IX trypsin.
22 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the tissue culture cells are mammalian embryonic kidney cells.
23 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the mammalian embryonic kidney cells are Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells.
24 . An immunogenic composition comprising an inactivated canine influenza virus (CIV) H3N8 and an adjuvant.
25 . The immunogenic composition of claim 24 , wherein the adjuvant is an oil and water emulsion.
26 . The immunogenic composition of claim 24 , wherein the adjuvant is aluminum hydroxide.
27 . The immunogenic composition of claim 24 , wherein the inactivated CIV H3N8 is a binary ethyleneimine-inactivated CIV H3N8.
28 . A vaccine comprising the immunogenic composition of claim 24 .
29 . The vaccine of claim 28 further comprising an immunologically effective amount of one or more additional inactivated CIV serotypes.
30 . The vaccine of claim 28 , further comprising an additional pathogen, wherein the additional pathogen is selected from the group consisting of canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus, canine parvovirus, canine parainfluenza virus, canine coronavirus, Leptospira serovars, Leishmania organisms, a Borrolia species (spp.); Bordetella bronchiseptica, Mycoplasma species, rabies virus, Ehrichia canis , and combinations thereof.
31 . The vaccine of claim 28 , wherein the CIV H3N8 is formulated at 500 HAU/dose and wherein at least 70% of the HA has the same amino acid sequence.
32 . The vaccine of claim 31 , wherein the adjuvant is aluminum hydroxide.
33 . The vaccine of claim 34 , wherein at least 90% of the HA has the same amino acid sequence.
34 . A method of immunizing a canine against CIV comprising injecting the canine with the vaccine of claim 28 .
35 . Serum comprising antibodies that bind to CIV H3N8 obtained from a canine immunized by the method of claim 34