Process for upgrading kerosene to gasoline by ring contraction—ring opening—dehydrogenation
View Patent ↗A process is disclosed for converting distillate to gasoline-range hydrocarbons using a two-stage catalyst system including a first catalyst containing a Group VIII metal and a zeolite, and a second catalyst containing a Group VIII metal, tin and an inorganic oxide support.
1. A process comprising:
i) contacting a distillate feedstream having an RON of less than about 45 and comprising a) C 10 and heavier hydrocarbons; b) at least about 20 wt. % 2-ring naphthenes; c) less than about 40 wt. % 1-ring naphthenes, and d) less than about 5 wt. % C 6 -C 9 aromatics, wherein less than about 75 wt. % of said distillate feedstream boils at a temperature less than or equal to about 221° C.; with a first catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal and a zeolite to thereby produce an intermediate product comprising a) at least about 50 wt. % 1-ring naphthenes; and b) less than about 1 wt. % 1-ring aromatics; wherein at least about 90 wt. % of said intermediate product boils at a temperature less than or equal to about 221° C.; and
ii) contacting said intermediate product with a second catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal, tin and an inorganic metal oxide support to thereby produce a product stream having an RON of at least about 60 and comprising a) less than about 15 wt. % 2-ring naphthenes; and b) at least about 9 wt. % C 6 -C 9 aromatics; wherein at least about 90 wt. % of said product stream boils at a temperature less than or equal to about 221° C.
wherein the contacting of step (i) is at a temperature from about 232° C. to about 260° C., a pressure from about 250 psig to about 350 psig, and a WHSV from about 2 to about 9 hr −1 ; and wherein the contacting of step (ii) is at a temperature from about 399° C. to about 452° C., a pressure from about 250 psig to about 350 psig, and a WHSV from about 2 to about 6 hr −1 .
2. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said distillate feedstream comprises at least about 25 wt. % 2-ring naphthenes and less than about 35 wt. % 1-ring naphthenes; and wherein said intermediate product comprises at least about 55 wt. % 1-ring naphthenes and less than about 0.5 wt. % 1-ring aromatics, and wherein at least about 95 wt. % of said intermediate product boils at a temperature less than or equal to about 221° C.; and wherein at least about 95 wt. % of said product stream boils at a temperature less than or equal to about 221° C.
3. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said Group VIII metal of said first catalyst comprises platinum.
4. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said Group VIII metal of said second catalyst comprises platinum.
5. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said inorganic metal oxide support is silica.
6. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said distillate feedstream boils below about 288° C.
7. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said first catalyst contains from about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent Group VIII metal, and wherein said second catalyst contains from about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent Group VIII metal and from about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent tin.
8. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said product stream comprises at least 80 wt. % C 5 -C 9 hydrocarbons and less than 5 wt. % C 10 and heavier hydrocarbons.
9. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said product stream comprises at least 90 wt. % C 5 -C 9 hydrocarbons and less than 5 wt. % C10 and heavier hydrocarbons.
10. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the contacting of step (i) is at a temperature from about 238° C. to about 257° C., a pressure from about 275 psig to about 325 psig, and a WHSV from about 3 to about 5 hr −1 ; and wherein the contacting of step (ii) is at a temperature from about 413° C. to about 452° C., a pressure from about 275 psig to about 325 psig, and a WHSV from about 3 to about 5 hr −1 .
11. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said distillate feedstream boils below about 249° C.
12. A process in accordance with claim 11 wherein said Group VIII metal of said first catalyst comprises platinum, and wherein said Group VIII metal of said second catalyst comprises platinum.
13. A process in accordance with claim 11 wherein said first catalyst contains from about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent Group VIII metal, and wherein said second catalyst contains from about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent Group VIII metal and from about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent tin.
14. A process in accordance with claim 11 wherein said inorganic metal oxide support is silica.
15. A process in accordance with claim 11 wherein said product stream comprises at least about 15 wt. % 1-ring aromatics.
16. A process in accordance with claim 11 wherein said product stream comprises at least 80 wt. % C 5 -C 9 hydrocarbons and less than 5 wt. % C 10 and heavier hydrocarbons.
17. A process in accordance with claim 11 wherein said product stream comprises at least 90 wt. % C 5 -C 9 hydrocarbons and less than 5 wt. % C 10 and heavier hydrocarbons.
18. A process in accordance with claim 11 wherein the contacting of step (i) is at a temperature from about 238° C. to about 257° C., a pressure from about 275 psig to about 325 psig, and a WHSV from about 3 to about 5 hr −1 ; and wherein the contacting of step (ii) is at a temperature from about 413° C. to about 452° C., a pressure from about 275 psig to about 325 psig, and a WHSV from about 3 to about 5 hr −1 .