Analog-to-digital converter circuit and method with programmable resolution

1. A programmable analog-to-digital circuit (ADC), comprising:

a resistor ladder comprising a plurality of resistors coupled to inputs of a plurality of comparators,

wherein the resistor ladder is further coupled to a switch logic circuit and a plurality of current sources, and

wherein a switch logic is configured to control an operation of a plurality of switches to alter conversion resolution of the ADC, and

an error correction circuit coupled to outputs of the plurality of comparators,

wherein the ADC is configured to perform a first conversion step and a second conversion step, and

wherein the ADC is configured to perform only the first conversion step when programmed for lower conversion accuracy and higher conversion speed.

2. The ADC of claim 1 , wherein the ADC comprises a conversion resolution of n bits using 2 n-2 resistors and 2 n-2 comparators.

3. The ADC of claim 1 , wherein the resistor ladder comprises a first connection and a second connection, and

wherein the first connection comprises a first current source providing a first reference current coupled to the resistor ladder.

4. The ADC of claim 3 , wherein the second connection of the resistor ladder is coupled to the switch logic,

wherein the switch logic comprises a first switch, a second switch, and a resistor, and

wherein the switch logic is coupled to a second current source.

5. The ADC of claim 1 , wherein the error correction circuit is configured to generate a digital output signal with an n-bit resolution, and

wherein the error correction circuit is configured to correct for alignment errors between two consecutive conversions.

6. The ADC of claim 1 , wherein the first conversion step comprises a coarse measurement of an input signal to the ADC, and

wherein the second conversion step comprises a fine measurement of the input signal.

7. The ADC of claim 6 , wherein the plurality of resistors in the resistor ladder comprises a quantity of resistors needed for performing the coarse measurement.

8. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) device, comprising:

a resistor divider network;

a plurality of switches coupled to a first end of the resistor divider network;

a first current source coupled to a second end of the resistor divider network;

a resistor coupled to one of the plurality of switches; and

a second current source coupled to the resistor

wherein the device is configured to perform a first conversion step and a second conversion step, and

wherein the device is configured to perform only the first conversion step when programmed for lower conversion accuracy and higher conversion speed.

9. The device of claim 8 , wherein the device is configured to provide a resolution of n-bits with 2 n-2 resistors and 2 n-2 comparators.

10. The device of claim 8 , wherein the plurality of switches comprises a first switch and a second switch coupled to a grounded terminal and the second current source, respectively.

11. The device of claim 10 , wherein each of the first switch and the second switch comprises a PMOS (P channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor) transistor.

12. The device of claim 10 , wherein each of the first switch and the second switch comprises a NMOS (N channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor) transistor.

13. A method of converting an analog input signal to a digital output signal using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuit comprising 2 n-2 resistors and 2 n-2 comparators and having a resolution of n-bits, the method comprising:

a.) performing a coarse conversion measurement of the analog input signal to generate a coarsely-converted signal,

wherein the digital output signal is generated in accordance with the coarsely-converted signal when the ADC is programmed for low conversion accuracy and high conversion speed; and

b.) performing a fine conversion measurement of the coarsely-converted signal to generate a finely-converted signal,

wherein the digital output signal is generated in accordance with the finely-converted signal when the ADC is programmed for high conversion accuracy and low conversion speed.

14. A method for converting an analog signal to a digital signal, comprising:

providing a first reference input signal to a resistor ladder via a first current source, wherein the resistor ladder comprises 2 n-2 resistors; and

acquiring 2 n-2 reference voltages, wherein the reference voltages are the voltages obtained between resistors in the resistor ladder;

comparing the 2 n-2 reference voltages with an input voltage (Vin), wherein the input voltage (Vin) is an analog voltage to be converted to a digital equivalent, using 2 n-2 comparators;

determining which of the reference voltages among the 2 n-2 reference voltages is closest to the input voltage (Vin); and

achieving a first (n−2) bit conversion by converting the closest reference voltage to a digital output signal.

15. The method of claim 14 , the method comprising:

determining a position of the input voltage (Vin) into a plurality of quadrants or voltage ranges, wherein the reference voltages are divided into the plurality of quadrants or voltage ranges.

16. The method of claim 15 , the method comprising:

scaling the reference voltages into a predetermined voltage range, wherein the predetermined voltage range is the voltage range where the input voltage (Vin) is positioned; and

performing a second (n−2) bit conversion, wherein the (n−2) bits from the first (n−2) bit conversion and the last 2-bits of the second (n−2) bit conversion are used for the n-bit conversion.

17. The method of claim 16 , the method comprising:

generating a digital output signal with minimal alignment errors between two subsequent n-bit conversions; and

configuring a switch logic circuit to coordinate a coarse conversion and a fine conversion of an analog signal to a digital signal.

18. The method of claim 14 , comprising:

for a first select input a first switch is closed, a second switch is open, a first current source is set to a first value to scale down a range of a resistor ladder;

for a second select input the first switch is open, the second switch is closed, bottom of the resistor ladder is raised from ground potential to a first potential;

for a third select input the first switch is open, the second switch is closed, a second current source is set to the first value, raising the first potential to a second potential; and

for a fourth select input the second current source is set to a second value, raising the second potential to a third potential.