Preparation of romidepsin
The invention provides an improved process for preparing romidepsin. The process involves producing, purifying, or storing romidepsin under conditions that prevent the formation of undesired adducts. Purifying romidepsin at an apparent pH lower than approximately 6.0 (e.g., between an apparent pH of 4.0 and 6.0) has been discovered to prevent the reduction of the disulfide bond of romidepsin and the subsequent formation of dimerized, oligomerized, or polymerized adducts. The invention also provides compositions of monomeric romidepsin free of dimerized, oligomerized, or polymerized adducts.
1. A method of preparing romidepsin, the method comprising the step of isolating romidepsin from a fermentation broth, and the step of purifying romidepsin, wherein at least a portion of the step of purifying is performed at an apparent pH which ranges from approximately 4.0 to approximately 6.0, and wherein romidepsin is greater than 98% monomeric.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the apparent pH is adjusted by using an organic acid.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the organic acid is acetic acid.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of purifying comprises purifying by batch chromatography, column chromatography, re-crystallizing, or combinations thereof.
5. A method of preparing romidepsin, the method comprising the step of:
fermenting a microorganism that produces romidepsin;
isolating romidepsin from the fermentation broth; and
purifying romidepsin, wherein at least a portion of the step of purifying is performed at an apparent pH which ranges from approximately 4.0 to approximately 6.0, and wherein romidepsin is greater than 98% monomeric.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the step of purifying comprises a step of purifying romidepsin by column chromatography.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the step of purifying comprises a step of purifying romidepsin by re-crystallization.
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the apparent pH is adjusted using an organic acid.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the organic acid is acetic acid.
10. A method of preparing romidepsin, the method comprising the steps of:
fermenting an organism that produces romidepsin;
isolating romidepsin from fermentation broth;
purifying romidepsin by column chromatography; and
re-crystallizing romidepsin;
wherein the step of purifying or re-crystallizing is performed at an apparent pH that ranges from approximately 4.0 to approximately 6.0, and wherein romidepsin is greater than 98% monomeric.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the step of fermenting comprises fermenting Chromobacterium violaceum.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the step of purifying comprises purifying romidepsin using a non-ionic absorption resin.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the step of purifying comprises purifying romidepsin using SEPABEDS SP850 styrene-divinylbenzene resin.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the step of purifying comprises purifying romidepsin using DIAION HP20SS styrene-divinylbenzene resin.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein the step of purifying comprises purifying romidepsin using DIAION HP20 styrene-divinylbenzene resin.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein the step of purifying comprises purifying romidepsin using alumina.
17. The method of claim 10 , wherein the step of purifying comprises purifying romidepsin by column chromatography using a column or batch of SEPABEADS SP850 styrene-divinylbenzene resin, followed by a column of DIAION HP20SS styrene-divinylbenzene resin, followed by a column of DIAION HP20 styrene-divinylbenzene resin, and followed by a column of alumina.
18. The method of claim 10 , wherein the step of re-crystallizing comprises re-crystallizing romidepsin using methanol.
19. The method of claim 10 , wherein the step of re-crystallizing comprises re-crystallizing romidepsin using 85% aqueous acetone.
20. The method of claim 10 , wherein the apparent pH is adjusted using an organic acid.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the organic acid is acetic acid.
22. The method of any one of claim 1 , 5 , or 10 , wherein romidepsin is greater than 99% monomeric.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein romidepsin is greater than 99.9% monomeric.
24. The method of claim 10 , wherein the step of re-crystallizing is performed at an apparent pH that ranges from approximately 4.0 to approximately 6.0.