Ferroelectric composite, method of manufacturing the same and liquid crystal display apparatus having the ferroelectric composite
View Patent ↗A ferroelectric composite includes a core including a ferroelectric material and a skin layer including a carbon structure comprising carbon atoms.
1. A ferroelectric composite comprising:
a core including a ferroelectric material; and
a skin layer including a carbon structure comprising carbon atoms.
2. The ferroelectric composite of claim 1 , wherein the ferroelectric material comprises one of nickel oxide, iron oxide, cobalt oxide, yttrium oxide, and a combination including at least one of the foregoing.
3. The ferroelectric composite of claim 2 , wherein the ferroelectric material comprises one of lead nickel niobate, lead iron niobate, lead cobalt niobate, yttrium niobate, and a combination including at least one of the foregoing.
4. The ferroelectric composite of claim 1 , wherein the ferroelectric composite has a substantially spherical shape.
5. The ferroelectric composite of claim 4 , wherein a particle diameter of the ferroelectric composite is about 5 nanometers (nm) to about 100 nanometers (nm).
6. The ferroelectric composite of claim 1 , wherein the carbon structure has a carbon-carbon sp2 bond.
7. The ferroelectric composite of claim 6 , wherein the carbon structure comprises a graphite material.
8. The ferroelectric composite of claim 1 , wherein the carbon atoms of the carbon structure, which are adjacent to each other, form a hexagonal ring shape or a pentagonal ring shape.
9. A method of manufacturing a ferroelectric composite, the method comprising:
preparing a ferroelectric particle;
injecting the ferroelectric particle and a carbon source into a plasma jet; and
decomposing the carbon source and forming a skin layer on a surface of the ferroelectric particle, the skin layer including a carbon structure comprising carbon atoms.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the carbon structure has a carbon-carbon sp2 bond.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the carbon atoms of the carbon structure, which are adjacent to each other, form a hexagonal ring shape or a pentagonal ring shape.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the preparing a ferroelectric particle includes mechanically grinding a ferroelectric bulk material.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the carbon source comprises one of methane, acetylene, ethylene, propylene, ethane, propane, butane, methanol, ethanol, light oil, heavy oil, waste oil, and a combination including at least one of the foregoing.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the plasma jet is generated by a thermal plasma torch and an arc current of the thermal plasma torch is about 100 amperes (A) to about 600 amperes (A).
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein a temperature of the plasma jet is about 3,000 Kelvin (K) to about 15,000 Kelvin (K).
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein a discharging gas of the thermal plasma torch comprises argon gas.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the discharging gas further comprises hydrogen gas, helium gas, or both hydrogen gas and helium gas.
18. The method of claim 9 , wherein the ferroelectric particle is provided by a transport gas.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein a flux of the transport gas is about 20 standard liters per minute (slpm) to about 150 standard liters per minute (slpm).
20. A liquid crystal display (“LCD”) apparatus comprising:
a thin-film transistor (“TFT”) substrate including a thin film transistor (“TFT”);
an opposing substrate facing the thin film transistor (“TFT”) substrate;
a liquid crystal layer interposed between the thin film transistor (“TFT”) substrate and the opposing substrate, the liquid crystal layer comprising a liquid crystal molecule; and
a ferroelectric composite dispersed in the liquid crystal layer, the ferroelectric composite comprising a core and a skin layer, the core including a ferroelectric material and the skin layer including a carbon structure comprising carbon atoms.
21. The liquid crystal display (“LCD”) apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the ferroelectric material comprises one of nickel oxide, iron oxide, cobalt oxide, yttrium oxide, and a combination including at least one of the foregoing.
22. The liquid crystal display (“LCD”) apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the ferroelectric composite has a substantially spherical shape, and a particle diameter of the ferroelectric composite is about 5 nanometers (nm) to about 100 nanometers (nm).
23. The liquid crystal display (“LCD”) apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the carbon structure has a carbon-carbon sp2 bond.
24. The liquid crystal display (“LCD”) apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the carbon structure comprises a graphite material.
25. The liquid crystal display (“LCD”) apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the carbon atoms of the carbon structure, which are adjacent to each other, form a hexagonal ring shape or a pentagonal ring shape.