Fuel additive, additive-containing fuel compositions and method of manufacture
View Patent ↗The present invention relates to fuel additives, fuel compositions and methods of manufacture in which the additives are provided to impart desired properties to fuels. These properties include, without limitation, reduction of nitrogen oxide and particulate emissions from the exhaust stream of internal combustion engines using the fuels. Preferred embodiments of an additive form of the composition include a nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of urea, cyanuric acid, triazine, ammonia and mixtures thereof, a carrier blend comprising an alkoxylated alcohol, a polyalkylene glycol ester and an alkanolamide and water. The additive may be provided in a concentrate form by addition of a solvent or may be provided as a final form fuel composition. A method of additive manufacture and is disclosed.
1. A fuel additive composition comprising:
about 3-35% by weight of a nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of urea, cyanuric acid, triazine, and ammonia;
about 30-97% by weight of a carrier blend comprising:
about 30-75% by weight of an alkoxylated alcohol composition having the following general structure:
wherein
R 1 is C 6 -C 16 ,
R 2 is H or CH 3 , and
X is 1-7;
about 10-60% by weight of a polyalkylene glycol ester composition having the following general structure:
wherein
R 3 is C 11 -C 19 ,
R 4 is H or CH 3 ,
y is 1-20
R 5 is H or COR 3 ; and
about 10-60% by weight of an alkanolamide composition having the following general structure:
wherein
R 6 is C 12 -C 18 ;
R 7 is H or CH 2 CH 2 OH; and
about 0.0025-25% by weight of water
wherein the fuel additive composition is substantially homogeneous.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is a urea.
3. The composition of claim 2 wherein the urea comprises about 10-32% by weight of the composition.
4. The composition of claim 3 wherein the urea comprises about 12-28% by weight of the composition.
5. The composition of claim 2 wherein the alkoxylated alcohol comprises about 33-55% by weight of the composition.
6. The composition of claim 2 wherein R 1 is C 9 -C 11 and x is 2.5.
7. The composition of claim 2 wherein the polyalkylene glycol ester comprises about 25-40% by weight of the composition.
8. The composition of claim 7 wherein the polyalkylene glycol ester comprises about 25-33% by weight of the composition.
9. The composition of claim 2 wherein R 3 is C 17 and R 5 is COR 3 .
10. The composition of claim 2 wherein the alkanolamide comprises about 25-40% by weight of the composition.
11. The composition of claim 10 wherein the alkanolamide comprises about 25-33% by weight of the composition.
12. The composition of claim 2 wherein R 6 is C 17 and R 7 is CH 2 CH 2 OH.
13. A fuel additive concentrate composition comprising:
about 80-20% by weight of an additive constituent comprising:
about 3-35% by weight of a nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of urea, cyanuric acid, triazine, and ammonia;
about 30-97% by weight of a carrier blend comprising:
about 30-75% by weight of an alkoxylated alcohol composition having the following general structure:
wherein
R 1 is C 6 -C 16 ,
R 2 is H or CH 3 ,
And x is 1-7;
about 10-60% by weight of a polyalkylene glycol ester composition having the following general structure:
wherein
R 3 is C 11 -C 19 ,
R 4 is H or CH 3 ,
Y is 1-20,
R 5 is H or COR 3 ; and
about 10-60% by weight of an alkanolamide composition having the following general structure:
wherein R 6 is C 12 -C 18 ,
R 7 is H or CH 2 CH 2 OH; and
about 0.0025-25% by weight of water; and
about 20-80% by weight of a solvent,
wherein the fuel additive composition is substantially homogeneous.
14. The composition of claim 13 wherein the solvent is a fuel selected from the group consisting of diesel, gasoline, kerosene, and mixtures thereof.
15. The composition of claim 13 wherein the additive constituent comprises about 70-30% by weight of the concentrate and the fuel comprises about 30-70% by weight of the concentrate.
16. The composition of claim 15 wherein the additive constituent comprises about 60-40% by weight of the concentrate and the fuel comprises about 40-60% by weight of the concentrate.
17. The composition of claim 13 wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is urea.
18. The composition of claim 17 wherein the urea comprises about 10-32% by weight of the additive constituent.
19. The composition of claim 18 wherein the urea comprises about 12-28% by weight of the additive constituent.
20. The composition of claim 13 wherein the alkoxylated alcohol comprises about 33-55% by weight of the additive constituent.
21. The composition of claim 13 wherein R 1 is C 9 -C 11 and x is 2.5.
22. The composition of claim 13 wherein the polyalkylene glycol ester comprises about 25-45% by weight of the additive constituent.
23. The composition of claim 22 wherein the polyalkylene glycol ester comprises about 25-55% by weight of the additive constituent.
24. The composition of claim 13 wherein R 3 is C 17 and R 5 is COR 3 .
25. The composition of claim 13 wherein the alkanolamide comprises about 25-40% by weight of the additive constituent.
26. The composition of claim 25 wherein the alkanolamide comprises about 25-33% by weight of the additive constituent.
27. The composition of claim 13 wherein R 6 is C 17 and R 7 is CH 2 CH 2 OH.
28. A fuel composition formulated to produce reduced NOx emissions when subject to combustion in an internal combustion engine comprising:
about 97-99% by weight of a hydrocarbon-containing fuel; and
about 0.01-3% by weight of a fuel additive concentrate comprising:
about 80-20% by weight of an additive constituent comprising:
about 3-35% by weight of a nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of urea, cyanuric acid, triazine, and ammonia;
about 30-97% by weight of a carrier blend comprising:
about 30-75% by weight of an alkoxylated alcohol composition having the following general structure:
wherein
R 1 is C 6 -C 16 ,
R 2 is H or CH 3 , and
X is 1-7;
about 10-60% by weight of a polyalkylene glycol ester composition having the following general structure:
wherein
R 3 is C 11 -C 19 ,
R 4 is H or CH 3 ,
y is 1-20
R 5 is H or COR 3 ; and
about 10-60% by weight of an alkanolamide composition having the following general structure:
wherein
R 6 is C 12 -C 18 ;
R 7 is H or CH 2 CH 2 OH; and
about 0.0025-25% by weight of water
wherein the fuel additive composition is substantially homogeneous.
29. The composition of claim 28 wherein the fuel is selected from the group consisting of diesel, gasoline and kerosene.
30. The composition of claim 28 wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is urea.
31. The composition of claim 30 wherein the urea comprises about 10-32% by weight of the additive.
32. The composition of claim 31 wherein the urea comprises about 12-28% by weight of the additive.
33. The composition of claim 28 wherein the alkoxylated alcohol comprises about 33-55% by weight of the additive.
34. The composition of claim 33 wherein R 1 is C 9 -C 11 and x is 2.5.
35. The composition of claim 28 wherein the polyalkylene glycol ester comprises about 25-40% by weight of the additive.
36. The composition of claim 35 wherein the polyalkylene glycol ester comprises about 25-33% by weight of the additive.
37. The composition of claim 28 wherein R 3 is C 17 and R 5 is COR 3 .
38. The composition of claim 28 wherein the alkanolamide comprises about 25-40% by weight of the additive constituent.
39. The composition of claim 38 wherein the alkanolamide comprises about 25-33% by weight of the additive constituent.
40. The composition of claim 28 wherein R 6 is C 17 and R 7 is CH 2 CH 2 OH.