Jet fuel compositions and methods of making and using same
View Patent ↗Provided herein are, among other things, jet fuel compositions and methods of making and using the same. In some embodiments, the fuel compositions comprise at least a fuel component readily and efficiently produced, at least in part, from a microorganism. In certain embodiments, the fuel compositions provided herein comprise a high concentration of at least a bioengineered fuel component. In further embodiments, the fuel compositions provided herein comprise a C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid such as carane, pinane, sabinane or a combination thereof.
1. A fuel composition comprising or obtainable from a mixture comprising:
(a) a C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid;
(b) a petroleum-based fuel; and
(c) a fuel additive,
wherein the amount of the C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid is at least about 2 vol. % and the amount of the petroleum-based fuel is at least about 5 vol. %, both amounts based on the total volume of the fuel composition, and wherein the fuel composition has a flash point equal to or greater than 38° C. and a density at 15° C. from about 750 kg/m 3 to about 850 kg/m 3 , and wherein where the C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid is pinane, the fuel composition comprises from 0% to 10% of a hydrogenated naphthalene-containing material.
2. A fuel composition comprising or obtainable from a mixture comprising:
(a) a C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid;
(b) a petroleum-based fuel;
(c) a fuel additive; and
(d) an aromatic compound,
wherein the amount of the C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid is at least about 2 vol. %, the amount of the petroleum-based fuel is at least about 5 vol. %, and the amount of the aromatic compound is from about 5 vol. % to about 35 vol. %, all amounts based on the total volume of the fuel composition, and wherein the fuel composition has a flash point equal to or greater than 38° C. and a density at 15° C. from about 750 kg/m 3 to about 850 kg/m 3 , and wherein where the C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid is pinane, the fuel composition comprises from 0% to 10% of a hydrogenated naphthalene-containing material.
3. A jet fuel composition comprising:
(a) a C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid;
(b) a petroleum-based fuel; and
(c) a jet fuel additive; and
wherein the amount of the C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid is at least about 2 vol. %, and the amount of the petroleum-based fuel is at least about 5 vol. %, both amounts based on the total volume of the fuel composition, and wherein the fuel composition has a density from about 750 kg/m 3 to about 850 kg/m 3 at 15° C., a flash point equal to or greater than 38° C., and wherein where the C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid is pinane, the fuel composition comprises from 0% to 10% of a hydrogenated naphthalene-containing material.
4. The fuel composition of any of claims 1 - 3 , wherein the C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid is carane, pinane, sabinane, or a combination thereof.
5. The fuel composition of any of claims 1 - 3 , wherein the amount of the C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid is at least about 5 vol. %, based on the total volume of the fuel composition.
6. The fuel composition of any of claims 1 - 3 , wherein the amount of the C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid is at least about 10 vol. %, based on the total volume of the fuel composition.
7. The fuel composition of any of claims 1 - 3 , wherein the amount of the C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid is at least about 15 vol. %, based on the total volume of the fuel composition.
8. The fuel composition of any of claims 1 - 3 , wherein the amount of the C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid is at least about 30 vol. %, based on the total volume of the fuel composition.
9. The fuel composition of claim 2 , wherein the composition comprises p-cymene.
10. The fuel composition of claim 2 , wherein the amount of the aromatic compound is at most about 25 vol. %, based on the total volume of the fuel composition.
11. The fuel composition of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the petroleum-based fuel is kerosene.
12. The fuel composition of any of claims 1 - 3 , wherein the petroleum-based fuel is Jet A, Jet A-1 or Jet B.
13. The fuel composition of claim 12 , wherein the fuel composition meets the ASTM D 1655 specification for Jet A.
14. The fuel composition of claim 12 , wherein the fuel composition meets the ASTM D 1655 specification for Jet A-1.
15. The fuel composition of claim 12 , wherein the fuel composition meets the ASTM D 1655 specification for Jet B.
16. The jet fuel composition of claim 3 , wherein the fuel additive is at least one additive selected from the group consisting of an oxygenate, an antioxidant, a thermal stability improver, a stabilizer, a cold flow improver, a combustion improver, an anti-foam, an anti-haze additive, a corrosion inhibitor, a lubricity improver, an icing inhibitor, an injector cleanliness additive, a smoke suppressant, a drag reducing additive, a metal deactivator, a dispersant, a detergent, a de-emulsifier, a dye, a marker, a static dissipater, a biocide, and combinations thereof.
17. A method of making a fuel composition comprising:
(a) contacting a C 10 isoprenoid starting material with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to form a C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid; and
(b) mixing the C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid with a petroleum-based fuel to make the fuel composition;
wherein the amount of the C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid is at least about 2 vol. % and the amount of the petroleum-based fuel is at least about 5 vol. %, both amounts based on the total volume of the fuel composition, and wherein the fuel composition has a flash point equal to or greater than 38° C., and wherein where the C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid is pinane, the fuel composition comprises from 0% to 10% of a hydrogenated naphthalene-containing material.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the C 10 isoprenoid starting material is carene, α-pinene, β-pinene, sabinene, or a combination thereof.
19. A method of making a fuel composition from a simple sugar comprising:
(a) contacting a cell capable of making a C 10 isoprenoid starting material with the simple sugar under conditions suitable for making the C 10 isoprenoid starting material;
(b) converting the C 10 isoprenoid starting material to a C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid; and
(c) mixing the C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid with a petroleum-based fuel to make the fuel composition,wherein the amount of the C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid is at least about 2vol. % and the amount of the petroleum-based fuel is at least about 5 vol. %, both amounts based on the total volume of the fuel composition, and wherein the fuel composition has a flash point equal to or greater than 38° C., and wherein where the C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid is pinane, the fuel composition comprises from 0% to 10% of a hydrogenated naphthalene-containing material.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the C 10 isoprenoid starting material is carene, α-pinene, β-pinene, sabinene, or a combination thereof.
21. A fuel composition made by the method of any of claims 17 - 20 .
22. A vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine, a fuel tank connected to the internal combustion engine, and a fuel composition in the fuel tank, wherein the fuel composition is the fuel composition of any of claims 1 - 3 , wherein the amount of the C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid is at least about 2 vol. % and the amount of the petroleum-based fuel is at least about 5 vol. %, both amounts based on the total volume of the fuel composition, and wherein the fuel composition has a flash point equal to or greater than 38° C. and wherein the fuel composition is used to power the internal combustion engine.
23. A method of powering an engine comprising the step of combusting the fuel composition of any of claims 1 - 3 in the engine.
24. The method of claim 22 , wherein the engine is a jet engine.
25. A fuel composition comprising or obtainable from a mixture comprising:
(a) a C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid;
(b) a petroleum-based fuel; and
(c) a fuel additive,
wherein the amount of the C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid is at least about 2 vol. % and the amount of the petroleum-based fuel is at least about 5 vol. %, both amounts based on the total volume of the fuel composition, and wherein the fuel composition has a flash point equal to or greater than 38° C. and a density at 15° C. from about 750 kg/m 3 to about 850 kg/m 3 , and wherein the petroleum-based fuel is kerosene, Jet A, Jet A-1, Jet B or a combination thereof.
26. A fuel composition comprising or obtainable from a mixture comprising:
(a) a C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid;
(b) a petroleum-based fuel;
(c) a fuel additive; and
(d) an aromatic compound,
wherein the amount of the C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid is at least about 2 vol. %, the amount of the petroleum-based fuel is at least about 5 vol. %, and the amount of the aromatic compound is from about 5 vol. % to about 35 vol. %, all amounts based on the total volume of the fuel composition, and wherein the fuel composition has a flash point equal to or greater than 38° C. and a density at 15° C. from about 750 kg/m 3 to about 850 kg/m 3 , and wherein , and wherein the petroleum-based fuel is kerosene, Jet A, Jet A-1, Jet B or a combination thereof.
27. A jet fuel composition comprising:
(a) a C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid;
(b) a petroleum-based fuel; and
(c) a jet fuel additive; and
wherein the amount of the C 10 bicyclic isoprenoid is at least about 2 vol. %, the amount of the petroleum-based fuel is at least about 5 vol. %, both amounts based on the total volume of the fuel composition, and wherein the fuel composition has a density from about 750 kg/m 3 to about 850 kg/m 3 at 15° C., a flash point equal to or greater than 38° C., wherein the petroleum-based fuel is kerosene, Jet A, Jet A-1, Jet B or a combination thereof.