Single reactant gas flow field plate PEM fuel cell
View Patent ↗A fuel cell stack ( 32 ) includes a plurality of fuel cells in which each fuel cell is formed between a pair of conductive, porous, substantially hydrophilic plates ( 17 ) having oxidant reactant gas flow field channels ( 12 - 15 ) on a first surface and fuel reactant gas flow field channels ( 19, 19 a ) on a second surface opposite to the first surface, each ˜f the plates being separated from a plate adjacent thereto by a unitized electrode assembly ( 20 ) including a cathode electrode ( 22 ), having a gas diffusion layer (GDL) an anode electrode ( 23 ) having a GDL with catalyst between each GDL and a membrane ( 21 ) disposed therebetween. Above the stack is a condenser ( 33 } having tubes ( 34 ) that receive coolant air ( 39, 40 } to condense water vapor out of oxidant exhaust in a chamber ( 43 ). Inter-cell wicking strips ( 26 ) receive condensate and conduct it along the length of the stack to all cells. In-cell wicking strips ( 1 G, 1 ˜a) on one or both surfaces conduct the water from the inter-cell wicking strips downwardly along the entire planform of each cell. Reactant air is provided to an air inlet manifold ( 47 ) through an air inlet conduit ( 48 ) from an air pump ( 49 ).
1. A fuel cell power plant characterized by:
a fuel cell stack ( 32 ) characterized by:
a plurality of fuel cells ( 8 , 9 ), said plurality of fuel cells comprising a plurality of conductive separator plates ( 17 ), each separator plate is substantially hydrophilic and porous, each separator plate having a plurality of substantially vertical oxidant reactant gas flow field channels ( 12 - 15 ) adjacent to a first surface thereof formed by grooves extending into said plate from said first surface, and a plurality of fuel reactant gas flow field channels ( 19 , 19 a ) adjacent to a second surface thereof opposite to said first surface, each of said plates being separated from one or more of said plates adjacent thereto by one or more unitized electrode assemblies ( 20 ) including a cathode ( 22 ) having a gas diffusion layer and an anode ( 23 ) having a gas diffusion layer, each gas diffusion layer separated from a proton exchange membrane ( 21 ) by catalyst, and
a plurality of in-cell wicking strips ( 16 );
said reactant gas flow field channels formed adjacent to at least one of said surfaces ( 60 ) of said plates, said reactant gas flow field channels either formed by (a) grooves ( 11 ) extending into said plates from a corresponding one of said surfaces (i) with said in-cell wicking strips being within said grooves or (ii) with said in-cell wicking strips being in slots between some of said grooves, or (b) by said wicking strips being disposed in mutually spaced apart, evenly spaced relationship across said corresponding surface, the spaces between adjacent ones of said wicking strips forming said reactant gas flow field channels;
a plurality of inter-cell wicking strips ( 26 , 30 ) in fluid communication with at least one of corresponding in-cell wicking strips ( 16 , 16 a ) in each of said plates, said in-cell wicking strips in said cells being in fluid communication with a corresponding one of said inter-cell wicking strips;
an oxidant exhaust outlet manifold chamber ( 43 ) disposed adjacent said fuel cell stack ( 32 ) in fluid communication with said oxidant reactant gas flow field channels ( 12 - 15 );
a condenser ( 33 ) having coolant air tubes ( 34 ), through which coolant air can flow, disposed within said oxidant exhaust outlet manifold chamber, exhaust from said oxidant gas flow field channels passing through said manifold so that water vapor in said exhaust is condensed by said tubes in said chamber;
said plurality of inter-cell wicking strips disposed on the top ( 26 ) and/or bottom ( 30 ) of said stack in fluid communication with condensate from said condenser, oriented in a direction substantially transverse to the plane of said plates ( 17 ), each in fluid communication with the top or bottom of corresponding ones of said in-cell wicking strips; and
a fluid handler ( 46 ) for flowing oxidant reactant gas through said oxidant reactant gas flow field channels.
2. A fuel cell power plant according to claim 1 wherein:
said inter-cell wicking strips are disposed both on the top ( 26 ) and on the bottom ( 30 ) of said stack.
3. A fuel cell power plant according to claim 1 wherein:
said oxidant exhaust outlet manifold chamber ( 43 ) is disposed above said fuel cell stack ( 32 ).
4. A fuel cell power plant characterized by:
a fuel cell stack ( 32 ) further characterized by:
a plurality of fuel cells ( 8 , 9 ), said plurality of fuel cells comprising a plurality of conductive separator plates ( 17 ), each separator plate is substantially hydrophilic and porous, each separator plate having a plurality of substantially vertical oxidant reactant gas flow field channels ( 12 - 15 ) adjacent to a first surface thereof formed by grooves extending into said plate from said first surface, and a plurality of fuel reactant gas flow field channels ( 19 , 19 a ) adjacent to a second surface thereof opposite to said first surface, each of said plates being separated from one or more of said plates adjacent thereto by one or more unitized electrode assemblies ( 20 ) including a cathode ( 22 ) having a gas diffusion layer and an anode 23 having a gas diffusion layer, each gas diffusion layer separated from a proton exchange membrane ( 21 ) by catalyst, and
a plurality of in-cell wicking strips ( 16 );
said reactant gas flow field channels formed adjacent to at least one of said surfaces ( 60 ) of said plates, said reactant gas flow field channels either formed by (a) grooves ( 11 ) extending into said plates from a corresponding one of said surfaces (i) with said in-cell wicking strips being within said grooves or (ii) with said in-cell wicking strips being in slots between some of said grooves, or (b) by said wicking strips being disposed in mutually spaced apart, evenly spaced relationship across said corresponding surface, the spaces between adjacent ones of said wicking strips forming said reactant gas flow field channels;
a plurality of inter-cell wicking strips ( 26 , 30 ), each in fluid communication with a corresponding one of the in-cell wicking strips ( 16 , 16 a ) in each of said plates, all of the in-cell wicking strips in all of said cells being in fluid communication with a corresponding one of said inter-cell wicking strips;
an oxidant exhaust outlet manifold chamber ( 43 ) disposed adjacent said fuel cell stack ( 32 ) in fluid communication with said oxidant reactant gas flow field channels ( 12 - 15 );
a condenser ( 33 ) having coolant air tubes ( 34 ), through which coolant air can flow, disposed within said oxidant exhaust outlet manifold chamber, exhaust from said oxidant gas flow field channels passing through said manifold so that water vapor in said exhaust is condensed by said tubes in said chamber;
said plurality of inter-cell wicking strips disposed on the top ( 26 ) and/or bottom ( 30 ) of said stack in fluid communication with condensate from said condenser, oriented in a direction substantially transverse to the plane of said plates ( 17 ), each in fluid communication with the top or bottom of corresponding ones of said in-cell wicking strips; and
a fluid handler ( 46 ) for flowing oxidant reactant gas vertically through said oxidant reactant gas flow field channels.