Inductance-tuned circuit board via crosstalk structures
View Patent ↗Plated through holes pass through clearances in a ground plane of a circuit board. A conductive collar/spoke arrangement is constructed on the ground plane adjacent the clearance, to provide an inductive component to the coupling between a plated through hole and the ground plane. The inductive component impedes the transfer of high-frequency noise between the through hole and the ground plane. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.
1. A circuit board comprising:
a first conductive via;
an embedded conductive signal layer having a first signal trace electrically connected to the first conductive via; and
a first embedded conductive reference plane layer, the first conductive via passing through a first clearance in the reference plane layer, the reference plane layer comprising a first conductive collar adjacent the clearance and capacitively coupled to the conductive via, the collar connected to adjacent portions of the reference plane layer through at least one conductive spoke.
2. The circuit board of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second conductive via neighboring the first conductive via;
a second signal trace on the embedded conductive signal layer, the second signal trace electrically connected to the second conductive via; and
a second clearance in the first embedded conductive reference plane layer, the second conductive via passing through the second clearance, the first embedded conductive reference plane layer comprising a second conductive collar adjacent the second clearance and capacitively coupled to the second conductive via, the second collar connected to adjacent portions of the reference plane layer through at least one conductive spoke.
3. The circuit board of claim 2 , wherein the first and second signal traces comprise a differential signal pair, and wherein the arrangement of the spokes connecting the first and second conductive collars to adjacent portions of the reference plane layer forms a lower impedance path between the first and second collars than the arrangement of spokes forms to other adjacent portions of the reference plane layer.
4. The circuit board of claim 3 , wherein the low impedance path between the first and second collars comprises a wider spoke arrangement located between the first and second collars than elsewhere along the first and second collars.
5. The circuit board of claim 4 , wherein each of the collars comprises multiple collar segments.
6. The circuit board of claim 5 , wherein one or more of the collar segments, comprising a majority of each collar, connect to adjacent portions of the reference plane layer between the first and second collars.
7. The circuit board of claim 6 , wherein all collar segments connect to adjacent portions of the reference plane layer between the first and second collars.
8. The circuit board of claim 5 , wherein each collar segment connects to an adjacent portion of the reference plane layer using a single spoke.
9. The circuit board of claim 8 , wherein the single spoke of each collar segment in a given collar is located at the same end of each collar segment.
10. The circuit board of claim 9 , wherein the single spoke of each collar segment of the other collar is located at the opposite end of each collar segment.
11. The circuit board of claim 4 , wherein the first and second conductive collars each comprise a looped trace, the looped trace having two disjoint ends connected respectively to first and second spokes.
12. The circuit board of claim 11 , wherein the first spokes of the first and second conductive collars connect the respective conductive collars only to each other.
13. The circuit board of claim 12 , wherein the first spoke of the first conductive collar and the second spoke of the second conductive collar connect the respective conductive collars only to each other.
14. The circuit board of claim 1 , further comprising a second embedded conductive reference plane layer, the first conductive via passing through a second clearance in the second reference plane layer, the second reference plane layer comprising a second conductive collar adjacent the second clearance and capacitively coupled to the conductive via, the second conductive collar connected to adjacent portions of the reference plane layer through at least one conductive spoke.
15. The circuit board of claim 14 , wherein the first and second conductive collars provide a directional collar arrangement, and wherein the first conductive collar has a clockwise directional arrangement and the second conductive collar has a counterclockwise directional arrangement.
16. The circuit board of claim 1 , wherein the first conductive collar comprises a directional collar arrangement.
17. The circuit board of claim 16 , wherein the directional collar arrangement comprises a looped trace having two disjoint ends connected to adjacent portions of the reference plane layer through first and second spokes, respectively.
18. The circuit board of claim 17 , wherein the looped trace doubles back on itself to form at least two loops around the first conductive via.
19. The circuit board of claim 16 , wherein the directional collar arrangement comprises a looped trace having two disjoint ends, only one of which connects to adjacent portions of the reference plane layer through the at least one conductive spoke.
20. The circuit board of claim 16 , wherein the directional collar arrangement comprises a plurality of collar segments, each connected to adjacent portions of the reference plane layer through a conductive spoke at one end.
21. The circuit board of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second conductive via neighboring the first conductive via, the second conductive via not differentially paired with the first conductive via; and
a second clearance in the first embedded conductive reference plane layer, the second conductive via passing through the second clearance, the first embedded conductive reference plane layer comprising a second conductive collar adjacent the second clearance and capacitively coupled to the second conductive via, the second collar connected to adjacent portions of the reference plane layer through at least one conductive spoke, wherein the spokes of the first and second conductive collars comprise a spoke arrangement having no spokes of the first conductive collar substantially aligned with spokes of the second conductive collar in the region of the conductive reference plane layer between the first and second conductive vias.
22. The circuit board of claim 21 , further comprising a third conductive via adjacent the first and second conductive vias, the third conductive via connecting the first embedded conductive reference plane layer to a second embedded conductive reference plane layer, at least one spoke of the first conductive collar substantially aligned in the region of the first conductive reference plane layer between the first and third conductive vias, and at least one spoke of the second conductive collar substantially aligned in the region of the first conductive reference plane layer between the second and third conductive vias.
23. The circuit board of claim 1 , wherein the at least one conductive spoke comprises a first spoke that crosses a second clearance between the conductive collar and the adjacent portions of the reference plane layer, the first spoke having a longer path from the conductive collar to the adjacent portions of the reference plane layer than the shortest distance between the point the first spoke attaches to the conductive collar and the adjacent portions of the reference plane layer.
24. The circuit board of claim 1 , wherein the first conductive via passes through a pad located within the first clearance of the first embedded conductive reference plane layer, the pad having a diameter larger than that of the first conductive via.
25. The circuit board of claim 1 , the first conductive via located in a region having a plurality of signal vias with similar conductive collars on the first embedded conductive reference plane layer, the region having a plurality of ground vias spaced around its perimeter.
26. The circuit board of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second conductive via neighboring the first conductive via, the second conductive via not differentially paired with the first conductive via;
a second clearance in the first embedded conductive reference plane layer; and
a nonfunctional conductive pad located in the second clearance, the second conductive via passing through the nonfunctional conductive pad.
27. A circuit board comprising:
first, second, and third conductive signal vias, the first and third conductive signal vias adjacent the second conductive via;
a first embedded conductive reference plane layer, the first, second, and third conductive vias passing through first, second, and third clearances in the reference plane layer, the reference plane layer comprising first, second, and third conductive collars respectively adjacent the first, second, and third clearances and capacitively coupled respectively to the first, second, and third conductive vias, the first, second, and third conductive collars inductively coupled to adjacent portions of the reference plane layer such that at frequencies greater than 1 GHz, the impedance between the first and second conductive signal vias, through a path comprising the first and second conductive collars, is less than the impedance between the first and third conductive signal vias, through a path comprising the first and third conductive collars.
28. The circuit board of claim 27 , wherein the capacitive coupling between each of the first, second, and third conductive vias and their respective conductive collars is substantially equal.
29. The circuit board of claim 27 , wherein the inductive coupling of the first and second collars to each other is substantially less that the inductive coupling of the first collar to the adjacent portions of the reference plane layer.