Process to prepare borozirconate solution and use as cross-linker in hydraulic fracturing fluids
View Patent ↗A process to prepare a stable solution of a borozirconate complex is disclosed and use of the solution in oil field applications such as hydraulic fracturing and plugging of permeable zones. The process comprises contacting zirconium complex with a first alkanolamine, then glycerol and water, then with a solution of a boron compound and a second alkanolamine. The solution is particularly suitable for use in a cross-linking composition at temperatures of 275° F. (135° C.) and higher in the subterranean formation.
1. A process for preparing a solution of a borozirconate complex suitable for use in a cross-linking composition which comprises: (a) contacting a zirconium complex with a first alkanolamine at a ratio of 1 to 10 moles of the first alkanolamine per mole of zirconium in an alcohol to form a first mixture; (b) adding glycerol and water to the first mixture at a ratio of about 0.1 to 1 moles of glycerol per mole of zirconium and at a ratio of 1 to 12 moles of water per mole of zirconium to form a second mixture; (c) contacting the second mixture with a solution of a boron compound and a second alkanolamine in an alcohol, at a ratio of 1 to 6 moles of boron per mole of zirconium and 1 to 4 moles of the second alkanolamine per mole of boron and at a temperature of 25° C. to 90° C. for a period of time sufficient to stabilize the resulting borozirconate solution.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the zirconate complex is a tetraalkyl zirconate selected from the group consisting of tetra-isopropyl zirconate, tetra-n-propyl zirconate, and tetra-n-butyl zirconate.
3. The process of claim 2 wherein the first alkanolamine is selected from the group consisting of triethanolamine, tripropanolamine, tri-isopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, and mixtures of two or more thereof.
4. The process of claim 3 wherein the second alkanolamine is selected from the group consisting of triethanolamine, tripropanolamine, tri-isopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, and mixtures of two or more thereof.
5. The process of claim 4 wherein the boron compound is selected from the group consisting of boric acid, alkali metal borates, alkaline earth metal borates, and polymeric borate compounds.
6. The process of claim 5 wherein the boron compound is boric acid.
7. The process of claim 4 wherein the first alkanolamine and the second alkanolamine is triethanolamine.
8. A cross-linking composition which comprises (a) an aqueous liquid; (b) a pH buffer; (c) a cross-linkable organic polymer; and (d) a borozirconate solution prepared by a process which comprises: (1) contacting a zirconium complex with a first alkanolamine at a ratio of 1 to 10 moles of the first alkanolamine per mole of zirconium in an alcohol to form a first mixture; (2) adding glycerol and water to the first mixture at a ratio of about 0.1 to 1 moles of glycerol per mole of zirconium and at a ratio of 1 to 12 moles of water per mole of zirconium to form a second mixture; (3) contacting the second mixture with a solution of a boron compound and a second alkanolamine in an alcohol, at a ratio of 1 to 6 moles of boron per mole of zirconium and 1 to 4 moles of the second alkanolamine per mole of boron and at a temperature of 25° C. to 90° C. for a period of time sufficient to stabilize the resulting borozirconate solution.
9. The composition of claim 8 wherein the aqueous liquid is selected from the group consisting of water, aqueous alcohol, and aqueous solution of a clay stabilizer.
10. The composition of claim 9 wherein the organic polymer is a solvatable polysaccharide and is selected from the group consisting of gums, gum derivatives and cellulose derivatives.
11. The composition of claim 10 wherein the organic polymer is hydroxyethylguar, hydroxypropylguar, carboxyethylhydroxyethylguar, carboxymethylhydroxypropylguar, or carboxymethyl guar.
12. The composition of claim 8 wherein the aqueous liquid is water, aqueous methanol, aqueous ethanol, an aqueous solution of potassium chloride, an aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium chloride, or a combination of two or more thereof.
13. A method for hydraulically fracturing a subterranean formation, which comprises introducing into the formation at a flow rate and pressure sufficient to create, reopen, and/or extend one or more fractures in the formation, a cross-linking composition comprising an aqueous liquid; a pH buffer; a cross-linkable organic polymer, and a solution of a borozirconate complex wherein the solution is prepared by a process comprising (a) contacting a zirconium complex with a first alkanolamine at a ratio of 1 to 10 moles of the first alkanolamine per mole of zirconium in an alcohol to form a first mixture; (b) adding glycerol and water to the first mixture at a ratio of about 0.1 to 1 moles of glycerol per mole of zirconium and at a ratio of 1 to 12 moles of water per mole of zirconium to form a second mixture; (c) contacting the second mixture with a solution of a boron compound and a second alkanolamine in an alcohol, at a ratio of 1 to 6 moles of boron per mole of zirconium and 1 to 4 moles of the second alkanolamine per mole of boron and at a temperature of 25° C. to 90° C. for a period of time sufficient to stabilize the resulting borozirconate solution.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the temperature in the formation is 275-325° F. (135-163° C.).
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the solution of borozirconate complex and the cross-linkable polymer are contacted prior to their introduction into the formation.
16. The method of claim 14 wherein the subterranean formation is penetrated by a wellbore;
a base gel is prepared by mixing the cross-linkable organic polymer with the aqueous liquid;
the solution of borozirconate complex, the base gel, or both further comprise a pH buffer;
the solution of borozirconate complex is contacted with the base gel in the wellbore to produce a cross-linked gel, and
the cross-linked gel is introduced into the formation from the wellbore.
17. The method of claim 14 further comprising introducing a cross-linking composition comprising the solution of borozirconate complex, a cross-linkable organic polymer and proppant into the fracture or fractures.
18. A method for selectively plugging permeable zones and leaks in subterranean formations which comprises introducing into the permeable zone or the site of the subterranean leak, a cross-linking composition comprising an aqueous liquid; a pH buffer, a cross-linkable organic polymer; and an aqueous solution of the borozirconate complex comprising an aqueous liquid; a pH buffer; a cross-linkable organic polymer, and a solution of a borozirconate complex wherein the solution is prepared by a process comprising (a) contacting a zirconium complex with a first alkanolamine at a ratio of 1 to 10 moles of the first alkanolamine per mole of zirconium in an alcohol to form a first mixture; (b) adding glycerol and water to the first mixture at a ratio of about 0.1 to 1 moles of glycerol per mole of zirconium and at a ratio of 1 to 12 moles of water per mole of zirconium to form a second mixture; (c) contacting the second mixture with a solution of a boron compound and a second alkanolamine in an alcohol, at a ratio of 1 to 6 moles of boron per mole of zirconium and 1 to 4 moles of the second alkanolamine per mole of boron and at a temperature of 25° C. to 90° C. for a period of time sufficient to stabilize the resulting borozirconate solution.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein the temperature in the formation is 275-325° F. (135-163° C.).