HIGH TEMPERATURE STABILIZER FOR WELL TREATMENT FLUIDS AND METHODS OF USING SAME
A high temperature well treatment fluid comprising an electron donating compound comprising phenothiazine as thermal decomposition reduction additives for gels used in well treatment fluids is provided. The electron donating compound comprising phenothiazine performs as a stabilizer in well treatment fluids at temperatures of up to about 500° F. (260° C.). Methods of treating wells having subterranean formation temperatures of up to about 500° F. (260 ° C.) using such high temperature well treatment fluids are provided.
1 . A high temperature well treatment fluid comprising a polymeric gel and an electron donating compound comprising phenothiazine that prevents thermal degradation of the polymeric gel at temperatures of up to about 500° F. (260° C.), the phenothiazine being present in an amount effective to provide a gelled composite throughout the use of the high temperature well treatment fluid in oilfield hydraulic fracturing, drilling, completion, or workover operations.
2 . The high temperature well treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric gel comprises a crosslinked polymer derived from a polymer selected from the group consisting of galactomannan gums and their derivatives, glucomannan gums and their derivatives, guar gum, locust bean gum, cara gum, carboxymethyl guar, hydroxyethyl guar, hydroxypropyl guar carboxymethylhydroxyethyl guar, carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar cellulose, cellulose derivatives, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, a copolymer of acrylamide, and combinations thereof.
3 . The high temperature well treatment fluid of claim 1 further comprising a crosslinking agent in an amount sufficient to crosslink the polymeric gel.
4 . The high temperature well treatment fluid of claim 3 , wherein the crosslinking agent is zirconium oxychloride, zirconium acetate, zirconium lactate, zirconium malate, zirconium glycolate, zirconium lactate triethanolamine, zirconium citrate, titanium lactate, titanium malate, titanium citrate, titanium, aluminum, iron, antimony, a zirconate-based compound, zirconium triethanolamine, an organozirconate, or combinations thereof.
5 . The high temperature well treatment fluid of claim 1 , wherein the electron donating compound comprising phenothiazine is present in a range of about 100 ppm to about 250 ppm of the high temperature well treatment fluid.
6 . The high temperature well treatment fluid of claim 1 further comprising a breaker that allows the high temperature well treatment fluid to be broken down in a controlled manner, the breaker comprising sodium bromate, ammonium persulate, sodium persulfate, sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, calcium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, sodium periodate, or combinations thereof.
7 . The high temperature well treatment fluid of claim 1 further comprising a pH buffer that maintains a pH of the high temperature well treatment fluid in a range of about 4.5 to about 5.25.
8 . The high temperature well treatment fluid of claim 1 wherein the electron donating compound further comprises sodium thiosulfate.
9 . A method for treating a well penetrating a subterranean formation having a temperature of up to about 500° F. (260° C.) comprising the step of contacting a high temperature well treatment fluid with at least a portion of the subterranean formation, the high temperature well treatment fluid comprising a polymeric gel and an electron donating compound comprising phenothiazine that prevents thermal degradation of the polymeric gel at temperatures of up to about 500° F. (260° C.).
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the polymeric gel comprises a crosslinked polymer derived from a polymer selected from the group consisting of galactomannan gums and their derivatives, glucomannan gums and their derivatives, guar gum, locust bean gum, cara gum, carboxymethyl guar, hydroxyethyl guar, hydroxypropyl guar carboxymethylhydroxyethyl guar, carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar cellulose, cellulose derivatives, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, a copolymer of acrylamide, and combinations thereof.
11 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the high temperature well treatment fluid comprises a hydraulic fracturing fluid, a drilling mud, a completion fluid, or a workover fluid.
12 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the electron donating compound comprising phenothiazine is present in a range of about 100 ppm to about 250 ppm of the high temperature well treatment fluid.
13 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the high temperature well treatment fluid further comprises a pH buffer that maintains a pH of the high temperature well treatment fluid in a range of about 4.5 to about 5.25.
14 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the high temperature well treatment fluid further comprises a breaker that allows the high temperature well treatment fluid to be broken down in a controlled manner, the breaker comprising sodium bromate, ammonium persulate, sodium persulfate, sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, calcium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, sodium periodate, or combinations thereof.
15 . A method of fracturing a subterranean formation having a temperature of up to about 500° F. (260° C.), the method comprising the steps of:
a) contacting water with a high temperature well treatment fluid comprising a polymeric gel and an electron donating compound comprising phenothiazine; and
b) contacting at least a portion of the subterranean formation with the water and the high temperature well treatment fluid at pressures sufficient to form fractures in the formation.
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the electron donating compound comprising phenothiazine is present in a range of about 100 ppm to about 250 ppm of the high temperature well treatment fluid.
17 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the polymeric gel comprises a crosslinked polymer derived from a polymer selected from the group consisting of galactomannan gums and their derivatives, glucomannan gums and their derivatives, guar gum, locust bean gum, cara gum, carboxymethyl guar, hydroxyethyl guar, hydroxypropyl guar carboxymethylhydroxyethyl guar, carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar cellulose, cellulose derivatives, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, a copolymer of acrylamide, and combinations thereof.
18 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the high temperature well treatment fluid further comprises a pH buffer that maintains a pH of the high temperature well treatment fluid in a range of about 4.5 to about 5.25.
19 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the high temperature well treatment fluid further comprises a breaker that allows the high temperature well treatment fluid to be broken down in a controlled manner, the breaker comprising sodium bromate, ammonium persulate, sodium persulfate, sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, calcium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, sodium periodate, or combinations thereof.
20 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the electron donating compound further comprises sodium thiosulfate.