Gas catalysts comprising porous wall honeycombs
View Patent ↗Embodiments of the invention pertain to a catalyst, which may be used in a catalytic converter for treating a gas stream containing pollutants. In an embodiment, the catalyst comprises a substrate having a plurality of axially enclosed channels defined by the porous wall elements extending between an inlet end and an outlet end. Washcoat particles are disposed substantially within the pores of the walls, and the surfaces of the wall elements have a porous, rough texture after coating with the washcoat and substantially no fillets formed on the channels.
1. A gas treatment article comprising:
a flow through substrate comprising an inlet axial end, an outlet axial end, wall elements having a length extending between the inlet axial end to the outlet axial end and a plurality of axially enclosed, open-ended channels defined by the wall elements, the walls having a porosity of at least 50% and an average pore size of at least 5 microns and less than about 100 microns and the surface of the walls having an average roughness defined by open pores on the surface of the walls; and
a composite catalyst in the form of a washcoat containing particles having an average particle size greater than about 3 microns deposited substantially within the wall elements, wherein the average roughness of the surface of the wall elements remains substantially unchanged from prior to loading of the catalyst within the walls.
2. The article of claim 1 , wherein a substantial portion of pores are interconnected and extend through the wall elements and the washcoat is located substantially within the interconnected pores.
3. The article of claim 2 , wherein the pores have a mean pore size greater than about 20 microns and the porosity of the walls being up to about 70%.
4. The article of claim 2 , wherein the pores have a mean pore size greater than about 30 microns and the porosity of the walls being up to about 70%.
5. The article of claim 2 , wherein at a washcoat loading of up to about 2.0 g/in 3 , the channels are substantially free of fillets.
6. The article of claim 5 , wherein at a washcoat loading of up to about 2.5 g/in 3 , the channels exhibit a loss in cross-sectional area after coating compared to an uncoated channel of less than about 20%.
7. The article of claim 2 , wherein at least about 75% of the washcoat is located within the inside of the wall elements.
8. The article of claim 7 , wherein at least about 90% of the washcoat is located within the inside of the wall elements.
9. The article of claim 2 , wherein the particle size of the particles in the washcoat is in the range of about 5 and 10 microns.
10. The article of claim 1 , wherein the washcoat contains one or more catalysts for the abatement of NOx in an exhaust gas stream.
11. The article of claim 10 , wherein the catalyst contains one or more of a zeolite and a non-zeolitic aluminosilicate having the CHA structure.
12. The article of claim 10 , wherein the article is a NOx storage and release (NSR) catalytic converter.
13. The article of claim 10 , wherein the article is a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst.
14. The article of claim 10 , wherein the catalyst contains one or more of a natural zeolite, a synthetic zeolite, faujasite, chabazite, clinoptilolite, mordenite, silicalite, zeolite X, zeolite Y, ultrastable zeolite Y, ZSM zeolite, offretite, beta zeolite, USY zeolite, ZSM-20 zeolite, zeolites having the CHA structure, chabazite and SAPO materials.
15. The article of claim 10 , wherein the catalyst contains V 2 O 5 .
16. The article of claim 1 , wherein the article contains a catalytic material effective to oxidize CO and HC.
17. The article of claim 16 , wherein the catalyst material comprises a precious metal component on metal oxide(s) support particles.
18. A gas treatment article comprising:
a flow through substrate comprising an inlet axial end, an outlet axial end, wall elements having a length extending between the inlet axial end to the outlet axial end and a plurality of axially enclosed, open-ended channels defined by the wall elements having an axial surface and a wall interior, the channels defining a cross-section having an uncoated channel area, the walls having a porosity of at least 50% and an average pore size of at least 5 microns and less than about 100; and
a composite catalyst in the form of a washcoat containing particles having an average particle size greater than about 5 microns and less than about 15 microns deposited at a loading of up to 2.0 g/in 3 substantially in the wall interior such that the loss in channel area upon coating with the washcoat is less than about 20% of the uncoated channel area.
19. The article of claim 18 , wherein the loss in channel area upon coating with the washcoat is less than about 10% of the uncoated channel area.
20. The article of claim 18 , wherein the catalyst comprises a catalyst effective to oxidize carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in an exhaust gas stream.
21. The article of claim 18 , wherein the catalyst comprises a catalyst effective to abate NOx in an exhaust gas stream.
22. A method of forming a catalytic article comprising:
providing a flow through substrate comprising an inlet axial end, an outlet axial end, wall elements having a length extending between the inlet axial end to the outlet axial end and a plurality of axially enclosed, open-ended channels defined by the wall elements having an axial surface and a wall interior, the channels defining a cross-section having an uncoated channel area, the walls having a porosity of at least 50% and an average pore size of at least 5 microns and less than about 100; and
immersing the substrate in a composite catalyst in the form of a slurry containing particles having an average particle size greater than about 5 microns and less than about 15 microns so that the slurry forms a washcoat deposited at a loading of up to 2.0 g/in 3 substantially in the wall interior such that the loss in channel area upon coating with the washcoat is less than about 20% of the uncoated channel area.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the loss in channel area upon forming the washcoat is less than about 10% of the uncoated channel.