Nanocomposite method of manufacture
Disclosed are systems and methods for the formation of a polymer nanocomposite material using a high-concentration masterbatch as a source of nanocomposite filler.
1. A method of producing a polymer nanocomposite, comprising:
surface treating a nanofiller, including a nanotubular material, to produce a surface-treated nanofiller;
forming a masterbatch by blending the surface-treated nanofiller and polymer;
forming particles of the masterbatch by solvent precipitation operation to prepare a masterbatch material;
dry blending the masterbatch material with neat polymer to form a mixture;
melt melting the mixture and
forming a final product using the melt-blended mixture.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said surface-treated nanofiller material includes:
clays;
carbon; and
cellulose fibers.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said polymer is selected from the group consisting of: thermoplastics, polyurethanes, polyolefins, vinyl polymers, thermosets, elastomers, acrylic urethane latex, nylon, polypyrrole, acrylic latex polymers, polycarbonates, polyester, polyvinylchloride, polystyrenes and polypropylenes.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a dispersing agent is used for surface treatment of the nanofiller, said dispersing agent selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts, silanes, titanates, organic acids, coupling agents, and block co-polymers.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein forming a masterbatch includes melt compounding the surface-treated nanofiller and polymer to form the particles of the masterbatch.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein melt compounding includes twin-screw extrusion.
7. The method according to claim 5 melt compounding includes single screw extrusion.
8. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising forming the nanocomposite material using a forming processes selected from the group consisting of: molding, compounding, extrusion, co-extrusion, rotomolding, thermoforming, vacuum forming, calendaring, matched-die molding, hand lay-up, filament winding, casting, and forging.
9. The method according to claim 1 in which dry blending the masterbatch material with neat polymer includes blending at least about 5% masterbatch with a balance of neat polymer.
10. The method according to claim 1 in which dry blending the masterbatch material with neat polymer includes blending up to about 50% masterbatch with a balance of neat polymer.
11. The method according to claim 1 wherein the surface-treated nanofiller includes halloysite and where the final product using the melt-blended mixture exhibits mechanical strength greater than an unfilled polymer while exhibiting an elongation substantially equal to the unfilled polymer.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein forming the masterbatch by blending the surface-treated nanofiller and polymer includes using halloysite as the nanofiller where the percentage of halloysite in the masterbatch is from about 5 wt % to about 60 wt %.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein forming a masterbatch includes solvent dissolution and mixing, where the polymer is dissolved in a solvent to produce a polymer solution and then a dispersing agent is added to aid the dispersion of the nanotubular material in the polymer solution and the polymer solution including the nanotubular material is then mixed.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein forming particles of the masterbatch includes introducing the mixed polymer solution into a liquid that is miscible with the solvent to induce precipitation of particles of the masterbatch.