Bacteriophages as selective agents for enriching target bacteria
Compositions containing bacteriophages and methods of using bacteriophages in microorganism detection assays and microbial growth and plating media are disclosed. The lytic ability of these phages to control the growth of non-target populations provides superior sensitivity and specificity to detection assays and reduces false negative and false positive results. The removal of contaminating bacteria reduces the microbial competition for nutrients in the growth media thereby increasing the efficiency and productivity of the culture. The phage treatment of the sample increases the proportion of target microorganisms in the sample over contaminating bacteria thereby requiring less time for enrichment to obtain a significant signal improving overall signal to noise ratio in assays and providing for higher yield of end product in microbiological production systems.
1. A method of enriching a target microorganism in a sample containing both the target microorganism and non-target bacteria, comprising:
combining the sample with a bacteriophage composition comprising bacteriophage specific for the non-target bacteria in the sample to form an incubation mixture, and
incubating the incubation mixture,
wherein the sample is a food, industrial, pharmaceutical, or fermentation sample, and wherein the bacteriophage lyses the non-target bacteria in the sample leaving the target microorganism viable.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the incubation mixture further comprises an antibiotic.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bacteriophage composition improves yield of the target microorganism present in the sample, compared to the quantity present in the sample before combining the sample with the bacteriophage composition.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the sample is a microbiological reactor for the production of a biological product.
5. A composition for detecting a target microorganism in a sample containing both the target microorganism and non-target bacteria, wherein the sample is a food, industrial, pharmaceutical, or fermentation sample, and wherein the composition comprises an effective amount of lytic bacteriophage specific for lysis of the non-target bacteria without lysis of the target microorganism, an antibiotic that inhibits growth of non-target bacteria, and culture media.
6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the sample comprises a first non-target bacteria and a second non-target bacteria, wherein the antibiotic inhibits the growth of the first non-target bacteria, and wherein the lytic bacteriophage is specific for lysis of the second non-target bacteria.
7. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the first non-target bacteria is a gram positive bacteria, and wherein the second non-target bacteria is a gram negative bacteria.
8. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the sample further comprises a third non-target bacteria that is a gram negative bacteria, wherein the lytic bacteriophage comprises a first bacteriophage and a second bacteriophage, wherein the first bacteriophage is specific for lysis of the second non-target gram negative bacteria, and wherein the second bacteriophage is specific for lysis of the third non-target gram negative bacteria.
9. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the target microorganism is Salmonella , wherein the first bacteriophage is specific for lysis of E. coli , and wherein the second bacteriophage is specific for lysis of Citrobacter.
10. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the culture media comprises a microorganism enrichment media.
11. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the culture media comprises a microorganism plating media.
12. A kit for detecting a target microorganism in a sample containing both the target microorganism and non-target bacteria, comprising:
a bacteriophage composition comprising an effective amount of at least two different lytic bacteriophage specific for lysis of the non-target bacteria without lysis of the target microorganism, and
a reagent for detecting the target microorganism.
13. The kit of claim 12 further comprising bacterial growth media.
14. The kit of claim 12 wherein the bacteriophage composition is a liquid or is immobilized on a solid or semi-solid substrate.
15. The kit of claim 12 wherein the reagent is a chemical, nucleic acid molecule, or antibody.
16. The kit of claim 12 further comprising reagents or means for separating the target microorganism from the sample.