Multi-user MIMO systems with Imperfect CSIT and ARQ
A robust closed-loop cross-layer design provides for the downlink multi-user multi-antenna systems with imperfect Channel State Information at the transmitter (CSIT) for slow fading channels. Using ACK/NAK feedbacks from mobiles, a closed-loop cross-layer scheduler does not require any knowledge of the CSIT error statistics. To take into account of the potential packet outage (due to imperfect CSIT), we define system goodput, which measures the average bits per second per Hertz (b/s/Hz) successfully delivered to the mobiles, as the optimization objectives. We formulate the cross-layer design as a mixed combinatorial search and Markov decision problem. Based on dynamic programming approach, the optimal power and rate allocation is determined using backward recursion and forward recursion algorithms. Simulations illustrate that the proposed closed-loop cross-layer scheduler has very robust goodput performance at moderate to high CSIT errors and pedestrian mobility.
1 . A method for closed-loop downlink cross-layer scheduling in a multiple-input single output system, comprising:
measuring rate of acknowledgements and nonacknowledgements (ACK/NAK) from a mobile terminal in a slow fading channel;
estimating channel state information at transmitter (CSIT) based upon the measured rate of ACK/NAK; and
optimizing power and rate allocation on a downlink to the mobile terminal as a mixed combinatorial search and Markov decision process.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the mobile terminal imparts a Doppler frequency shift relative to a transmitter of 5 km/hr or less.
3 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
solving the mixed combinatorial search and Markov decision process for a small target frame error rate (FER).
4 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising defining a recursive formulation of conditional goodput measure of bits per second per frequency measure transmitted to the mobile terminal as a Bellmen's equation.
5 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising measuring ACK/NAK feedback by employing a zero-forcing process.
6 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising receiving ACK/NAK feedback via a time division duplex uplink slot.
7 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising receiving ACK/NAK feedback via a frequency division duplex signal of not more than two bits length from the mobile terminal.
8 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
performing an offline recursion for a set of possible ACK/NAK feedback measures; and
performing an on-line strategy for a packet by selecting an offline recursion solution corresponding to a currently measured ACK/NAK measurement.
9 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising receiving ACK/NAK at a multiple antenna array that satisfies an uncorrelated antenna assumption at the base station.
10 . An apparatus for closed-loop downlink cross-layer scheduling in a multiple-input single output system, comprising:
a receiver at a base station for measuring rate of acknowledgements and nonacknowledgements (ACK/NAK) from a mobile terminal in a slow fading channel;
a processor for estimating channel state information at transmitter (CSIT) based upon the measured rate of ACK/NAK; and
a scheduler for optimizing power and rate allocation on a downlink to the mobile terminal as a mixed combinatorial search and Markov decision process.
11 . The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the receiver receives the ACK/NAK from the mobile terminal that imparts a Doppler frequency shift of 5 km/hr or less.
12 . The apparatus of claim 10 , further comprising an off-line recursive component for solving the mixed combinatorial search and Markov decision process for a small target frame error rate (FER).
13 . The apparatus of claim 12 , further comprising the off-line recursive component utilizing a recursive formulation for a conditional goodput measure of bits per second per frequency measure successfully transmitted to the mobile terminal as a Bellmen's equation.
14 . The apparatus of claim 10 , further comprising the processor measuring ACK/NAK feedback by employing a zero-forcing process.
15 . The apparatus of claim 10 , further comprising the receiver receiving ACK/NAK feedback via a time division duplex uplink slot.
16 . The apparatus of claim 10 , further comprising the receiver receiving ACK/NAK feedback via a frequency division duplex signal of not more than two bits length from the mobile terminal.
17 . The apparatus of claim 10 , further comprising:
an off-line recursive component performing an offline recursion for a set of possible ACK/NAK feedback measures; and
the processor performing an on-line strategy for a packet by selecting an offline recursion solution corresponding to a currently measured ACK/NAK measurement.
18 . The apparatus of claim 10 , further comprising a multiple antenna array that satisfies an uncorrelated antenna assumption at the base station for receiving the ACK/NAK feedback.
19 . An apparatus for closed-loop downlink cross-layer scheduling in a multiple-input single output system, comprising:
means for measuring rate of acknowledgements and nonacknowledgements (ACK/NAK) from a mobile terminal in a slow fading channel;
means for estimating channel state information at transmitter (CSIT) based upon the measured rate of ACK/NAK; and
means for optimizing power and rate allocation on a downlink to the mobile terminal as a mixed combinatorial search and Markov decision process.
20 . The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein solving the mixed combinatorial search and Markov decision process is for a small target frame error rate (FER), further comprising:
means for utilizing a recursive formulation of conditional goodput measure of bits per second per frequency measure transmitted to the mobile terminal as a Bellmen's equation for optimizing power and rate allocation; and
means for measuring ACK/NAK feedback by employing a zero-forcing process.