Tool for making a cube corner retroreflector with limited range
View Patent ↗Retroreflective articles having cube corner elements are disclosed, with the dihedral angle errors of the cube corner elements selected to limit the visibility range of the retroreflective article. Also disclosed are methods for making the cube corner elements and the retroreflective articles.
1. A tool comprised of aberrated cube corner elements for forming a retroreflective lens from a selected transparent material by a selected forming process comprising aberrated cube corner elements, the lens when tilted producing a pattern of retroreflectivity having an International Functional Coefficient of Luminous Intensity, FRO 1 , that is at a maximum value at an observation angle between about 0.2 deg and about 0.5 deg,
wherein said cube corner elements of the tool have dihedral angle errors e 1 , e 2 , e 3 and wherein addends T 1 , T 2 , T 3 each having a value which is dependent upon said selected material and forming process are added to the respective dihedral angle errors e 1 , e 2 , e 3 as a result of a change in shape of said selected material during said forming process, and wherein said dihedral angle errors e 1 , e 2 , e 3 are selected such that the resulting dihedral angle errors e 1 +T 1 , e 2 +T 2 , e 3 +T 3 characterize said lens which, when tilted, has an International Functional Coefficient of Luminous Intensity, FRO 1 , that is at a maximum value at an observation angle between about 0.2 deg and about 0.5 deg.
2. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the absolute value of e 3 +T 3 is no greater than about 0.03°, and the absolute value of one of e 1 +T 1 and e 2 +T 2 is no greater than about 0.03° and the absolute value of the other of e 1 +T 1 and e 2 +T 2 is greater than about 0.10°.
3. A tool comprised of aberrated cube corner elements for forming a retroreflective lens from a selected transparent material by a selected forming process comprising aberrated cube corner elements, the lens having a frontally projected area of between 8 sq. cm. and 12 sq. cm., and having an Asymmetrical Functional Coefficient of Luminous Intensity, FRO 2 , that is at a maximum value at an observation angle between about 0.3 deg and about 0.6 deg, the maximum value being at least 460 mcd/lx,
wherein said retroreflective cube corner elements of the tool have dihedral angle errors e 1 , e 2 , e 3 , and wherein addends T 1 , T 2 , T 3 each having a value which is dependent upon said selected material and forming process are added to the respective dihedral angle errors e 1 , e 2 , e 3 as a result of a change in shape of said selected material during forming, and wherein said dihedral angle errors e 1 , e 2 , e 3 are selected such that the resulting dihedral angle errors e 1 +T 1 , e 2 +T 2 , e 3 +T 3 characterize said lens having a frontally projected area of between 8 sq. cm., and 12 sq. cm., and having an Asymmetrical Functional Coefficient of Luminous Intensity, FRO 2 , that is at a maximum value at an observation angle between about 0.3 deg and about 0.6 deg, the maximum value being at least 460 mcd/lx.
4. The tool of claim 3 , wherein the absolute value of e 3 +T 3 is no greater than about 0.03°, and the absolute value of one of e 1 +T 1 and e 2 +T 2 is no greater than about 0.03° and the absolute value of the other of e 1 +T 1 and e 2 +T 2 is greater than about 0.10°.
5. A tool comprised of aberrated cube corner elements for forming a retroreflective lens from a selected transparent material by a selected forming process comprising aberrated cube corner elements, the lens having a frontally projected area of X sq. cm., and having an Asymmetrical Functional Coefficient of Luminous Intensity, FRO 2 , at an observation angle of 0.2 deg that is no more than 60X mcd/lx, and an FRO 2 at an observation angle of 0.4 deg that is no less than 40X mcd/lx,
wherein said retroreflective cube corner elements of the tool have dihedral angle errors e 1 , e 2 , e 3 , and wherein addends T 1 , T 2 , T 3 each having a value which is dependent upon said selected material and forming process are added to the respective dihedral angle errors e 1 , e 2 , e 3 as a result of a change in shape of said selected material during forming, and wherein said dihedral angle errors e 1 , e 2 , e 3 are selected such that the resulting dihedral angle errors e 1 +T 1 , e 2 +T 2 , e 3 +T 3 characterize said lens having a frontally projected area of X sq. cm., and having an Asymmetrical Functional Coefficient of Luminous Intensity, FRO 2 , at an observation angle of 0.2 deg that is no more than 60X mcd/lx, and an FRO 2 at an observation angle of 0.4 deg that is no less than 40X mcd/lx.
6. The tool of claim 5 , wherein the absolute value of e 3 +T 3 is no greater than about 0.03°, and the absolute value of one of e 1 +T 1 and e 2 +T 2 is no greater than about 0.03° and the absolute value of the other of e 1 +T 1 and e 2 +T 2 is greater than about 0.10°.