Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and image forming apparatus

1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support and a photosensitive layer provided on or above the conductive support, the photosensitive layer having an outermost layer comprising a cured product of a composition comprising a curable resin, a surfactant containing a fluorine atom, and at least one charge transporting organic compound represented by any one of the following formulae (I) to (V):

F—[(X 2 ) n2 —(R 2 ) n3 —(Z 2 ) n4 G] n5   (I)

wherein in Formula (I): F represents an n5-valent organic group derived from a compound having a hole transporting capability; X 2 represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; R 2 represents an alkylene group; Z 2 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, NH or COO; G represents an epoxy group; n2, n3 and n4 each independently represent 0 or 1; and n5 is an integer of 1 to 4:

F-[-D-Si(R 3 ) (3-a) Q a ] b   (II)

wherein in Formula (II): F represents a b-valent organic group derived from a compound having a hole transporting capability; D represents a bivalent group; R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; Q represents a hydrolyzable group; a is an integer of 1 to 3; and b is an integer of 1 to 4:

wherein in Formula (III): F represents an n6-valent organic group derived from a compound having a hole transporting capability; T represents a bivalent group; Y represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; R 4 , R 5 and R 6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group; R 7 represents a monovalent organic group; m2 is 0 or 1; n6 is an integer of 1 to 4; and R 6 and R 7 may bind to each other to form a heterocyclic ring containing Y as the heteroatom:

wherein in Formula (IV): F represents an n7-valent organic group derived from a compound having a hole transporting capability; T represents a bivalent group; R 8 represents a monovalent organic group; m3 is 0 or 1; and n7 is an integer of 1 to 4:

wherein in Formula (V): F represents an n8-valent organic group derived from a compound having a hole transporting capability; L represents an alkylene group; R 9 represents a monovalent organic group; and n8 is an integer of 1 to 4,

wherein the content of the surfactant is from about 0.01% by weight to about 1% by weight with respect to the total content of the outermost layer.

2. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the surfactant has an alkylene oxide structure.

3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ,

wherein the surfactant has an acrylic structure.

4. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ,

wherein the surfactant has a perfluoroalkyl group.

5. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the content of the surfactant is from about 0.02% by weight to about 0.5% by weight with respect to the total content of the outermost layer.

6. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the curable resin is an alcohol-soluble resin.

7. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the curable resin is a phenol resin.

8. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the outermost layer further comprises conductive inorganic particles.

9. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ,

wherein the outermost layer further comprises a compound represented by the following formula:

Si(R 50 ) (4-c) Q c

wherein in the formula: R 50 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; Q represents a hydrolyzable group; and c is an integer of 1 to 4.

10. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ,

wherein the outermost layer further comprises a compound represented by the following formula:

B—(Si(R 51 ) (3-d) Q d ) 2

wherein in the formula: B represents a bivalent organic group; R 51 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; Q represents a hydrolyzable group; and d is an integer of 1 to 3.

11. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ,

wherein the outermost layer further comprises a cyclic compound or a derivative thereof having a repeating unit represented by the following formula:

wherein in the formula, A 1 and A 2 each independently represent a monovalent organic group.

12. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ,

wherein the outermost layer further comprises silicon atom-containing particles.

13. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ,

wherein the outermost layer further comprises an antioxidant.

14. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ,

wherein the photosensitive layer comprises an undercoat layer, a charge-generating layer, a charge-transporting layer and a protective layer, and wherein the protective layer is the outermost layer.

15. A process cartridge comprising the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 and at least one selected from the group consisting of a charging unit that charges the electrophotographic photoreceptor, a development unit that develops an electrostatic latent image with a toner to form a toner image, and a toner removing unit that removes the residual toner on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.

16. An image forming apparatus comprising:

the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ;

a charging unit that charges the electrophotographic photoreceptor;

an exposing unit that forms an electrostatic latent image on the charged electrophotographic photoreceptor;

a development unit that develops the electrostatic latent image with a toner to form a toner image; and

a transferring unit that transfers the toner image onto a transferring body.