ADHESIVE FORMULATIONS CONTAINING UREA ADDITIVES, METHODS OF FORMING PLYWOOD THEREWITH, AND PLYWOOD PRODUCTS MADE THEREBY
Compositions suitable for use as wood adhesives are described, which compositions comprise: (a) a polymeric component selected from the group consisting of lignins, proteins, and mixtures thereof, (b) an adhesion promoter comprising at least one component selected from the group consisting of (i) adducts of an epoxide and a resin selected from the group consisting of polyamine resins, polyamidoamine resins, polyamide resins, and combinations thereof, and (ii) combinations of a curing agent and a compound having at least one amine, amide, imine, imide, or nitrogen-containing heterocyclic functional group capable of reacting with at least one functional group of the polymeric component; and (c) an additive selected from the group consisting of urea, N-substituted ureas, N,N-disubstituted ureas, N,N′-disubstituted ureas, N,N,N′-trisubstituted ureas, N,N,N′,N′-tetrasubstituted ureas, urea derivatives, and mixtures thereof.
1 . A composition comprising:
(a) a polymeric component selected from the group consisting of lignins, proteins, and mixtures thereof;
(b) an adhesion promoter comprising at least one component selected from the group consisting of (i) adducts of an epoxide and a resin selected from the group consisting of polyamine resins, polyamidoamine resins, polyamide resins, and combinations thereof and (ii) combinations of a curing agent and a compound having at least one amine, amide, imine, imide, or nitrogen-containing heterocyclic functional group capable of reacting with at least one functional group of the polymeric component; and
(c) an additive selected from the group consisting of urea, N-substituted ureas, N,N-disubstituted ureas, N,N′-disubstituted ureas, N,N,N′-trisubstituted ureas, N,N,N′,N′-tetrasubstituted ureas, urea derivatives, and mixtures thereof.
2 . The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of urea, N-substituted ureas, N,N-disubstituted ureas, N,N′-disubstituted ureas, N,N,N′-trisubstituted ureas, N,N,N′,N′-tetrasubstituted ureas, and mixtures thereof.
3 . The composition according to claim 2 , wherein the additive is present in an amount of 0.01 to 5% by weight, based on the composition.
4 . The composition according to claim 2 , wherein the composition is present as an aqueous mixture having a solids content of 5 to 75% by weight, based on the mixture.
5 . The composition according to claim 2 , wherein the adhesion promoter comprises a polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin resin.
6 . The composition according to claim 3 , wherein the adhesion promoter comprises a polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin resin.
7 . The composition according to claim 2 , wherein the polymeric component comprises a protein.
8 . The composition according to claim 2 , wherein the polymeric component comprises a soy protein.
9 . The composition according to claim 5 , wherein the polymeric component comprises a soy protein.
10 . The composition according to claim 6 , wherein the polymeric component comprises a soy protein.
11 . The composition according to claim 2 , wherein the polymeric component comprises a soy protein isolate having at least about 85% by weight protein.
12 . The composition according to claim 2 , wherein the polymeric component comprises soy flour.
13 . The composition according to claim 2 , wherein the additive comprises urea.
14 . The composition according to claim 9 , wherein the additive comprises urea.
15 . The composition according to claim 10 , wherein the additive comprises urea.
16 . The composition according to claim 2 , wherein the additive is present in an amount of 0.1 to 2% by weight based on the composition.
17 . The composition according to claim 2 , wherein the adhesion promoter comprises a polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin resin, wherein the polymeric component comprises a soy protein, wherein the additive comprises urea, and wherein the urea is present in an amount of 0.1 to 2% by weight, based on the composition.
18 . A composite structure comprising a compressed and cured mixture of (a) a plurality of cellulosic particles; and (b) a binder, wherein the binder comprises the composition according to claim 1 .
19 . A composite structure comprising a compressed and cured mixture of (a) a plurality of cellulosic particles; and (b) a binder, wherein the binder comprises the composition according to claim 2 .
20 . A laminate product comprising: (a) a core material substrate having a surface, and (b) an outer veneer layer bonded to the surface with an adhesive disposed between the surface and the veneer layer, wherein the adhesive comprises the composition according to claim 1 .
21 . A laminate product comprising: (a) a core material substrate having a surface, and (b) an outer veneer layer bonded to the surface with an adhesive disposed between the surface and the veneer layer, wherein the adhesive comprises the composition according to claim 2 .
22 . The laminate product according to claim 21 , wherein the core material sheet comprises a composite structure comprising a compressed and cured mixture of (a) a plurality of cellulosic particles; and (b) a binder, wherein the binder comprises a composition comprising:
(a) a polymeric component selected from the group consisting of lignins, proteins, and mixtures thereof;
(b) an adhesion promoter comprising at least one component selected from the group consisting of (i) adducts of an epoxide and a resin selected from the group consisting of polyamine resins, polyamidoamine resins, polyamide resins, and combinations thereof, and (ii) combinations of a curing agent and a compound having at least one amine, amide, imine, imide, or nitrogen-containing heterocyclic functional group capable of reacting with at least one functional group of the polymeric component; and
(c) an additive selected from the group consisting of amides, urea, N-substituted ureas, N,N-disubstituted ureas, N,N′-disubstituted ureas, N,N,N′-trisubstituted ureas, N,N,N′,N′-tetrasubstituted ureas, urea derivatives, and mixtures thereof.
23 . A process comprising: (a) providing a core material substrate having a surface; (b) applying an adhesive to the surface of the substrate, wherein the adhesive comprises a composition according to claim 1 ; (c) disposing a hardwood surface layer on the adhesive-bearing surface of the substrate; and (d) curing the adhesive.
24 . A process comprising: (a) providing a core material substrate having a surface; (b) applying an adhesive to the surface of the substrate, wherein the adhesive comprises a composition according to claim 2 ; (c) disposing a hardwood surface layer on the adhesive-bearing surface of the substrate; and (d) curing the adhesive.