Method of preparing a molded article
View Patent ↗A method of forming a shaped thermoplastic sheet is described. The method includes providing a mold apparatus ( 1 ) that includes, a first mold portion ( 11 ) having an interior mold surface ( 14 ) having a plurality of perforations ( 26 ) and a perimeter edge ( 17 ). The mold apparatus ( 11 ) further includes at least one sheet retainer ( 35 ) having an upper surface ( 38 ) having a plurality of perforations ( 41 ) and a longitudinal axis ( 44 ) that is oriented along at least a portion of the perimeter edge ( 17 ) of the first mold portion ( 11 ). Each sheet retainer ( 35 ) is reversibly and controllably: (i) positionable along an x-, y- and/or z-axis relative to the perimeter edge ( 17 ); and (ii) rotatable around its longitudinal axis ( 44 ), toward and/or away from the perimeter edge ( 17 ). A heated thermoplastic sheet ( 95 ) is formed and contacted (while at a thermoformable temperature) with the interior surface ( 14 ) of the first mold portion ( 11 ) and the exterior surfaces ( 38 ) of the tubular sheet retainers ( 35 ). Reduced pressure is drawn through the perforations ( 41 ) of the sheet retainers ( 35 ) thereby retaining a portion of the heated thermoplastic sheet ( 95 ) thereon. The sheet retainers ( 35 ) are moved along the x-, y- and/or z-axes, and optionally rotated, with the sheet retained thereon, relative to the perimeter edge ( 17 ). The heated thermoplastic sheet ( 95 ) is allowed to cool, and a shaped thermoplastic sheet retaining the contour of interior mold surface ( 14 ) is formed.
1. A method of preparing a molded article comprising:
(a) providing a mold apparatus comprising,
(i) a first mold portion having an interior mold surface, and a perimeter edge, said interior mold surface having a contour and a plurality of perforations, and
(ii) at least one sheet retainer having an upper surface, at least a portion of the upper surface of said sheet retainer having a plurality of perforations, said sheet retainer having a longitudinal axis that is oriented along at least a portion of said perimeter edge, said sheet retainer being reversibly and controllably positionable along at least one of an x-axis, a y-axis and a z-axis relative to said perimeter edge, and said sheet retainer being rotatable around said longitudinal axis;
(b) positioning said sheet retainer such that the upper surface of said sheet retainer is located above said perimeter edge;
(c) forming, from at least one thermoplastic composition, a heated thermoplastic sheet having a temperature that allows said heated thermoplastic sheet to be thermoformable, said heated thermoplastic sheet having a first surface and a second surface;
(d) contacting a first portion of said second surface of said heated thermoplastic sheet with at least a portion of the upper surface of said sheet retainer;
(e) drawing reduced pressure through said plurality of perforations of said upper surface of said sheet retainer, thereby retaining said first portion of said second surface of said heated thermoplastic sheet on the upper surface of said sheet retainer;
(f) contacting a second portion of the second surface of said heated thermoplastic sheet with at least a portion of the interior mold surface of said first mold portion;
(g) (i) moving each sheet retainer independently at least one of towards said perimeter edge and away from said perimeter edge, in each case independently along at least one of said x-axis, said y-axis and said z-axis, and
(ii) optionally rotating each sheet retainer, around said longitudinal axis of said sheet retainer, independently at least one of towards said perimeter edge and away from said perimeter edge;
(h) drawing reduced pressure through said plurality of perforations of said interior mold surface of said first mold portion, such that said second portion of said second surface of said heated thermoplastic sheet substantially matches said contour of said interior mold surface of said first mold portion;
(i) cooling said heated thermoplastic sheet thereby forming a shaped thermoplastic sheet that retains said contour of said interior mold surface of said first mold portion; and
(j) removing said shaped thermoplastic sheet from said first mold portion,
wherein said shaped thermoplastic sheet is said molded article.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said heated thermoplastic sheet has an interior portion interposed between said first surface and said second surface of said heated thermoplastic sheet, said temperature of said heated thermoplastic sheet is substantially uniform through said first surface, said interior portion and said second surface of said heated thermoplastic sheet,
when said first portion of said second surface of said heated thermoplastic sheet is drawn against the upper surface of said sheet retainer, and
when said second portion of said second surface of said heated thermoplastic sheet is drawn against the interior mold surface of said first mold portion.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising,
melting said thermoplastic composition in an extruder thereby forming a molten thermoplastic composition, said extruder having a terminal end that is in fluid communication with a sheet die, and
passing said molten thermoplastic composition through said sheet die, thereby forming said heated thermoplastic sheet.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the step of contacting said first portion of said second surface of said heated thermoplastic sheet with at least a portion of the upper surface of said sheet retainer occurs prior to necking of said heated thermoplastic sheet, and
further wherein, retention of said first portion of said second surface of said heated thermoplastic sheet on the upper surface of said sheet retainer substantially prevents necking of said heated thermoplastic sheet.
5. The method of claim 3 wherein said first mold portion and said sheet retainer are together moveable in a plane beneath said sheet die, and said sheet die is substantially stationary,
said method further comprising moving said first mold portion and said sheet retainer together in said plane beneath said sheet die as said thermoplastic sheet is formed, thereby facilitating contact between said heated thermoplastic sheet and said upper surface of said sheet retainer and said interior mold surface of said first mold portion.
6. The method of claim 3 further comprising detaching said heated thermoplastic sheet from said sheet die one of prior to, concurrently with and after the step of,
(g) (i) moving each sheet retainer independently at least one of towards said perimeter edge and away from said perimeter edge, in each case independently along at least one of said x-axis, said y-axis and said z-axis, and
(ii) optionally rotating each sheet retainer, around said longitudinal axis of said sheet retainer, independently at least one of towards said perimeter edge and away from said perimeter edge.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein each sheet retainer independently has a plate shape, and is a plate sheet retainer having an interior edge and an exterior edge, said interior edge of said plate sheet retainer being closer to said perimeter edge of said first mold portion.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein said upper surface of each sheet retainer independently has a contour selected from the group consisting of flat contours, convex contours, concave contours and combinations thereof.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein said sheet retainer comprises at least one further surface, each further surface being other than said upper surface, and each further surface being substantially free of perforations.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein at least one sheet retainer is a tubular sheet retainer, each tubular sheet retainer having a cross-sectional shape selected independently from the group consisting of polygonal shapes, circles, ovals, irregular shapes and combinations thereof.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein said mold apparatus further comprises a second mold portion having an interior mold surface,
said method further comprising contacting compressively said interior mold surface of said second mold portion with said first surface of said heated thermoplastic sheet,
after said second portion of said second surface of said heated thermoplastic sheet has been drawn into contact with the interior mold surface of said first mold portion, and
before cooling of said heated thermoplastic sheet.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein said the steps of,
(d) contacting said first portion of said second surface of said heated thermoplastic sheet with at least a portion of the upper surface of said sheet retainer,
(e) drawing reduced pressure through said plurality of perforations of said upper surface of said sheet retainer, thereby retaining said first portion of said second surface of said heated thermoplastic sheet on the upper surface of said sheet retainer,
(f) contacting a second portion of the second surface of said heated thermoplastic sheet with at least a portion of the interior mold surface of said first mold portion; and
(g) (i) moving each sheet retainer independently at least one of towards said perimeter edge and away from said perimeter edge, in each case independently along at least one of said x-axis, said y-axis and said z-axis, and
(ii) optionally rotating each sheet retainer, around said longitudinal axis of said sheet retainer, independently at least one of towards said perimeter edge and away from said perimeter edge;
are performed substantially sequentially.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of,
(h) drawing reduced pressure through said plurality of perforations of said interior mold surface of said first mold portion, such that said second portion of said second surface of said heated thermoplastic sheet substantially matches said contour of said interior mold surface of said first mold portion,
is performed one of concurrently and sequentially with the step of,
(g) (i) moving each sheet retainer independently at least one of towards said perimeter edge and away from said perimeter edge, in each case independently along at least one of said x-axis, said y-axis and said z-axis, and
(ii) optionally rotating each sheet retainer, around said longitudinal axis of said sheet retainer, independently at least one of towards said perimeter edge and away from said perimeter edge.
14. The method of claim 1 further comprising,
contacting a third portion of said second surface of said heated thermoplastic sheet with said perimeter edge of said first mold portion, thereby forming a seal between said third portion of said second surface of said heated thermoplastic sheet and said perimeter edge, and then subsequently performing the step of,
(h) drawing reduced pressure through said plurality of perforations of said interior mold surface of said first mold portion, such that said second portion of said second surface of said heated thermoplastic sheet substantially matches said contour of said interior mold surface of said first mold portion.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein each thermoplastic composition comprises a thermoplastic material selected independently from the group consisting of thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurea, thermoplastic polyimide, thermoplastic polyamide, thermoplastic polyamideimide, thermoplastic polyester, thermoplastic polycarbonate, thermoplastic polysulfone, thermoplastic polyketone, thermoplastic polyolefins, thermoplastic (meth)acrylates, thermoplastic acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, thermoplastic styrene-acrylonitrile, thermoplastic acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate and combinations thereof.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein each thermoplastic composition comprises a reinforcing material selected independently from the group consisting of glass fibers, glass beads, carbon fibers, metal flakes, metal fibers, polyamide fibers, cellulosic fibers, nanoparticulate clays, talc and mixtures thereof.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein said reinforcing material is selected from glass fibers having a length of 1.27 cm to 10.16 cm.
18. The method of claim 1 wherein said heated thermoplastic sheet is a heated multilayer thermoplastic sheet comprising at least two thermoplastic layers.