Image forming apparatus

1. An image forming apparatus comprising:

an image holding member comprising:

a substrate having a surface having regular reflectance in a range of about 30% to about 95% with respect to light having a first wavelength; and

a subbing layer having a light transmittance of about 50% or greater per unit thickness of the layer with respect to light having the first wavelength and a photosensitive layer having absorption with respect to light having a second wavelength that is different from the first wavelength, the subbing layer and the photosensitive layer being layered on the substrate in this order;

a charging unit which charges the image holding member;

a latent image-forming unit which forms an electrostatic latent image on the image holding member by exposing the image holding member charged by the charging unit with light having the second wavelength;

a development unit which develops the electrostatic latent image using a toner and forms a toner image corresponding to the electrostatic latent image on the image holding member;

a measuring unit which comprises:

an irradiation unit which irradiates light having the first wavelength onto the image holding member; and

a detection unit which detects reflected light generated by the irradiation of light from the irradiation unit,

and measures the density of the toner image formed on the image holding member based on the reflected light detected by the detection unit; and

a control unit which controls the latent image-forming unit so that the latent image-forming unit forms the electrostatic latent image corresponding to a pictorial image having a predetermined density and, based on a measurement result of the density of the toner image obtained by the measuring unit, controls at least one selected from: a charge potential at which the image holding member is charged by the charging unit; an exposure amount at which the image holding member is exposed by the latent image-forming unit; and a development potential at which the toner is developed by the development unit, so that the measurement result obtained by the measurement unit becomes substantially equal to the predetermined density.

2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the regular reflectance of the surface of the substrate with respect to light having the first wavelength is in a range of about 35% to about 90%.

3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the regular reflectance of the surface of the substrate with respect to light having the first wavelength is in a range of about 40% to about 85%.

4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the light transmittance of the subbing layer per unit thickness of the layer with respect to light having the first wavelength is in a range of about 50% to about 95%.

5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the light transmittance of the subbing layer per unit thickness of the layer with respect to light having the first wavelength is in a range of about 60% to about 95%.

6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the light transmittance of the subbing layer per unit thickness of the layer with respect to light having the first wavelength is in a range of about 70% to about 95%.

7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein regular reflectance of the image holding member as a whole with respect to light having the first wavelength is about 30% or less.

8. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein regular reflectance of the image holding member as a whole with respect to light having the first wavelength is about 25% or less.

9. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein regular reflectance of the image holding member as a whole with respect to light having the first wavelength is about 20% or less.

10. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the subbing layer satisfies a relationship expressed by the following Inequality (1):

Y>X/ 4.5  Inequality (1)

wherein X represents the light transmittance (%) per unit thickness of the subbing layer with respect to light having the first wavelength, and Y represents the thickness (μm) of the subbing layer.

11. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the subbing layer further comprises a filler.

12. The image forming apparatus according to claim 11 , wherein the filler is a metal oxide particle.

13. The image forming apparatus according to claim 12 , wherein the metal oxide particle comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, titanium oxide, and tin oxide.

14. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the absorbance of the photosensitive layer when the photosensitive layer is irradiated with light having the first wavelength is less than about 1/10 of the absorbance at the maximum absorbing wavelength of the photosensitive layer.

15. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the regular reflectance of the surface of the substrate is a regular reflectance (%) obtained by measuring both a total reflectance and a diffusion reflectance of the substrate with respect to light having the first wavelength and calculating a difference therebetween by subtracting the diffusion reflectance from the total reflectance.

16. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the subbing layer further comprises a filler in an amount in a range of about 5% by volume to about 70% by volume relative to a total volume of the subbing layer.

17. The image forming apparatus according to claim 16 , wherein the amount of the filler is in a range of about 5% by volume to about 60% by volume relative to the total volume of the subbing layer.