An electromagnet comprising a plurality of coils of superconductive material, monolithically embedded in an embedding material, which is solid at the temperature of operation of the superconductive electromagnet, and a method for producing an electromagnet comprising a plurality of coils of superconductive material, comprising the steps of winding coils of superconductive material, retaining the coils at predetermined relative positions, and monolithically embedding the plurality of superconducting coils in an embedding material, which is solid at the temperature of operation of the superconductive electromagnet.
1. An electromagnet comprising a plurality of coils of superconductive material, arranged for cryogenic cooling, wherein
the coils in said plurality of coils of superconductive material are monolithically embedded within a single artifact formed of an embedding material that is solid at the temperature of operation of the superconductive electromagnet;
at least one of the coils is wound into a preformed journal that is embedded within said embedding material that forms said single artifact; and
the preformed journal comprises at least one integral cooling channel for circulation of a liquid cryogen therethrough.
2. An electromagnet according to claim 1 , wherein the preformed journal is at least partially formed of a porous material and the embedding material permeates the porous material.
3. An electromagnet according to claim 2 , wherein the porous material is a metal foam.
4. An electromagnet according to claim 1 , wherein the embedding material is a thermosetting material or a thermoplastic material.
5. An electromagnet according to claim 4 wherein the embedding material comprises one of: water, nitrogen, paraffin wax.
6. An electromagnet according to claim 4 wherein the embedding material comprises an organic resin.
7. A solenoidal electromagnet comprising a plurality of coaxial coils of superconductive material, spaced axially apart, wherein:
the coils in the plurality of coils of superconductive material are monolithically embedded within a monolithic supporting structure comprising a single artifact formed of an embedding material that is solid at the temperature of operation of the superconductive electromagnet;
the solenoidal electromagnet is arranged for cryogenic cooling by at least partial immersion in a bath of liquid cryogen; and
a number of cooling channels are provided in the embedding material, for circulation of a liquid cryogen therethrough.
8. An electromagnet comprising a plurality of coils of superconductive material, wherein:
the coils in the plurality of coils of superconductive material are monolithically embedded within a monolithic supporting structure comprising a single artifact formed of an embedding material that is solid at the temperature of operation of the superconductive electromagnet;
at least one of the coils is wound into a preformed journal; and the preformed journal comprises at least one integral cooling channel for circulation of a liquid cryogen therethrough.
9. An electromagnet according to claim 8 , wherein the coils are held apart at appropriate relative positions by spacers mechanically associated with the coils.
10. An electromagnet according to claim 9 , wherein the spacers are integrally formed with at least one preformed journal.
11. An electromagnet comprising a plurality of coils of superconductive material, wherein:
the coils in the plurality of coils of superconductive material are monolithically embedded within a monolithic supporting structure comprising a single artifact formed of an embedding material that is solid at the temperature of operation of the superconductive electromagnet;
at least one of the coils is wound into a preformed journal; and
the preformed journal is at least partially formed of a porous material and the embedding material permeates the porous material.
12. A solenoidal electromagnet comprising a plurality of coaxial coils of superconductive material, spaced axially apart and arranged for cryogenic cooling, wherein:
the coils in said plurality of coils of superconductive material are monolithically embedded within a single artifact comprising a monolithic solid structure made of a thermoplastic or thermosetting material that is solid at the temperature of operation of the superconductive electromagnet, such that said coils are supported and held in position relative to each other by said monolithic solid structure, and relative movement of the coils is thereby prevented;
the coils are held apart at appropriate relative axial positions by spacers mechanically associated with the coils within said monolithic supporting structure;
the spacers are integrally formed with at least one preformed journal; and
the preformed journal is at least partially formed of a porous material and the embedding material permeates the porous material.
13. An electromagnet according to claim 12 , wherein the porous material is a metal foam.