Ozonating manganese dioxide
View Patent ↗Ozonated manganese dioxide is prepared by an ozonation process and utilized as a cathode active material. An ozone containing gas stream contacts manganese dioxide and produces ozonated manganese dioxide with high efficiency. After preparation, ozonated manganese dioxide is stored for a limited time at a low temperature and incorporated into a cathode active material for alkaline batteries.
1. A method of ozonating manganese dioxide, the method comprising:
contacting manganese dioxide that includes MnOOH with an ozone containing gas stream having an ozone concentration of at most 20 g/std m 3 , the ozone oxidizing the MnOOH to manganese dioxide.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas stream has an ozone concentration of at least 1 g/std m 3 .
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas stream has an ozone concentration of at most 15 g/std m 3 .
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas stream has an ozone concentration of about 10.5 g/std m 3 .
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas stream has an ozone concentration of about 5 g/std m 3 to about 15 g/std m 3 .
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas stream has an ozone concentration of about 8 g/std m 3 to about 12 g/std m 3 .
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein manganese in the ozonated manganese dioxide has an average valence value greater than 3.98.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the manganese dioxide including MnOOH comprises electrolytic manganese dioxide.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein at least 30% of the ozone provided in the gas stream is consumed in the oxidation of the MnOOH to manganese dioxide.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the manganese dioxide including MnOOH comprises chemical manganese dioxide.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the manganese dioxide before ozonation has a surface area of about 20 to 100 m 2 /g.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the manganese dioxide before ozonation has a porosity of about 0.035 cm 3 /g to about 0.180 cm 3 /g.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas stream has a flow rate of about 1.24 std m 3 /hr per kg of manganese dioxide.
14. A method comprising ozonating electrolytic manganese dioxide including MnOOH by contacting the electrolytic manganese dioxide including the MnOOH with an ozone containing gas stream, wherein the ozone oxidizes the MnOOH to manganese dioxide, and wherein at least 30% of the ozone in the gas stream is consumed in the oxidation of the MnOOH to manganese dioxide.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein about 40% of the ozone in the gas stream is consumed in the oxidation of the MnOOH to manganese dioxide.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the gas stream has a flow rate of about 1.24 std m 3 /hr per kg of electrolytic manganese dioxide before ozonation.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas stream has an ozone concentration of about 5 g/std m 3 to about 15 g/std m 3 and at least 30% of the ozone provided in the gas stream is consumed in the oxidation of the MnOOH to manganese dioxide providing ozonated manganese dioxide.