Carbonylation method by adding secondary sterically hindered amines
View Patent ↗The invention relates to a process for reaction of a carbonylatable compound using a metal complex catalyst comprising a metal of transition group VIII and an organophosphorus ligand and in the presence of a stabilizer based on a sterically hindered secondary amine.
1. A carbonylation process in which at least one compound which is capable of being carbonylated by a carbon monoxide is reacted with the carbon monoxide in the presence of a metal complex catalyst of a metal of transition group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements which has an organophosphorus compound as ligand, wherein the carbonylation is carried out in the presence of a sterically hindered secondary amine having the general structural formula I
where Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, Re and Rf are identical or different hydrocarbon radicals which may be joined to one another.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein an amine having a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine unit II
is used as secondary amine.
3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one of the compounds of the structural formulae IIb to IIg
where n=1 to 20
where n=1 to 12
where n=1 to 17
is used as secondary amine.
4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one compound having two or more of the functional groups of the formulae III to VI or at least one compound of one of the formulae III to VI
PR 2 R 3 R 4 III
PR 2 R 3 (TR 5 ) IV
PR 2 (TR 5 )(TR 6 ) V
P(TR 5 )(TR 6 )(TR 7 ) VI
where T=O, NH or NR 8 and R 2 to R 8 are identical or different organic radicals which have from 1 to 50 carbon atoms and may be joined to one another via a covalent bond, is used as organophosphorus ligand.
5. The process as claimed in claim 4 , wherein at least one compound of the formula VIIc-9, VIIc-10 or VIIc-11
where X and Y are substituted or unsubstituted, aliphatic, alicyclic, aliphatic-alicyclic, heterocyclic, aliphatic-heterocyclic, aromatic-aromatic or aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, with X and Y being identical or different or being covalently bound to one another, and Q is an at least divalent, substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, alicyclic, aliphatic-alicyclic, heterocyclic, aliphatic-heterocyclic, aromatic, aromatic-aromatic or aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbon radical preferably having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, with substituted hydrocarbon radicals having substituents selected from among —N(R 20 ) 2 , —NHR 20 , —NH 2 , fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, —OH, —CN, —C(O)—R 20 , —C(O)H or —C(O)O—R 20 , —CF 3 , —O—R 20 , —C(O)N—R 20 , —OC(O)—R 20 and/or —Si(R 20 ) 3 , where R 20 is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical which preferably has from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and if a plurality of hydrocarbon radicals R 20 are present, these can be identical or different, and R 16 to R 19 are selected independently from among monovalent substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, heteroaromatic, mixed aliphatic-alicyclic, mixed aliphatic-aromatic, heterocyclic, mixed aliphatic-heterocyclic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, H, F, Cl, Br, I, —CF 3 , —CH 2 (CF 2 ) j CF 3 where j=0-9, —OR 21 , —COR 21 , —CO 2 R 21 , —CO 2 M, —SR 21 , —SO 2 R 21 , —SOR 21 , —SO 3 R 21 , —SO 3 M, —SO 2 NR 21 R 22 , —NR 21 R 22 , —N═CR 21 R 22 , where R 21 and R 22 are selected independently from among H, monovalent substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 25 carbon atoms and M is an alkali metal ion, formally half an alkaline earth metal, ammonium or phosphonium ion, or adjacent radicals R 16 to R 19 together form a fused substituted or unsubstituted aromatic, heteroaromatic, aliphatic, mixed aromatic-aliphatic or mixed heteroaromatic-aliphatic ring system; with substituted hydrocarbon radicals having substituents selected from among —N(R 23 ) 2 , —NHR 23 , —NH 2 , fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, —OH, —CN, —C(O)—R 23 , —C(O)H or —C(O)O—R 23 , —CF 3 , —O—R 23 , —C(O)N—R 23 , —OC(O)—R 23 and/or —Si(R 23 ) 3 , where R 18 is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical which preferably has from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and when a plurality of hydrocarbon radicals R 23 are present, these can be identical or different, and the radicals R 16 , R 17 , R 18 and R 19 are identical or different, is used as organophosphorus ligand.
6. The process as claimed in claim 4 , wherein a compound of the formula VIIb-1 or VIIb-2
where k=2 and R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 having the meanings given for the formulae VIIc-9 to VIIc-11, Q is a divalent substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, alicyclic, mixed aliphatic-alicyclic, heterocyclic, mixed aliphatic-heterocyclic, aromatic, heteroaromatic, mixed aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, with aliphatic parts of Q being able to contain oxygen, sulfur and/or nitrogen and substituted hydrocarbon radicals Q being able to have substituents having the same meanings as R 16 to R 19 , is used as organophosphorus ligand.
7. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the organophosphorus ligand is used in a molar ratio to the metal at which the organophosphorus ligand is also present as free ligand in the reaction mixture.
8. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one olefinically unsaturated compound selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted alpha-olefins, internal olefins, cycloolefins, alkenyl alkyl ethers and alkenols is used as starting compound to be carbonylated.
9. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one compound selected from the group consisting of among hydrogen, water, amine and alcohol is used as further reactant in addition to the carbon monoxide and the starting compound to be carbonylated.
10. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least hydrogen is used as further reactant in addition to the carbon monoxide and the starting compound to be carbonylated and a hydroformylation is carried out.
11. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein cobalt or rhodium is used as the metal of transition group VIII of the Periodic Table.
12. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the sterically hindered secondary amine is used in a molar ratio to the catalyst metal of from 0.1:1 to 100:1 in the reaction mixture.
13. A mixture comprising a metal complex catalyst of a metal of transition group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements which has an organophosphorus compound as a ligand and a sterically hindered secondary amine having the formula I,
where Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, Re and Rf are identical or different hydrocarbon radicals which may be joined to one another.
14. The mixture as claimed in claim 13 , wherein an amine having a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine unit II
is present as secondary amine.
15. The mixture as claimed in claim 13 , wherein at least one compound selected from among the compounds of the formulae IIb to IIg
where n=1 to 20
where n=1 to 12
where n=1 to 17
is present as secondary amine.
16. The mixture as claimed in claim 13 , comprising at least one compound having two or more of the functional groups of the formulae III to VI or at least one compound of one of the formulae III to VI
PR 2 R 3 R 4 III
PR 2 R 3 (TR 5 ) IV
PR 2 (TR 5 )(TR 6 ) V
P(TR 5 )(TR 6 )(TR 7 ) VI
where T=O, NH or NR 8 and R 2 to R 8 are identical or different organic radicals which have from 1 to 50 carbon atoms and are optionally joined to one another via a covalent bond, as an organophosphorus ligand.
17. The mixture as claimed in claim 13 which comprises at least one compound of the formula VIIc-9, VIIc-10 or VIIc-11
where X and Y are substituted or unsubstituted, aliphatic, alicyclic, aliphatic-alicyclic, heterocyclic, aliphatic-heterocyclic, aromatic-aromatic or aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, with X and Y being identical or different or being covalently bound to one another, and Q is an at least divalent, substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, alicyclic, aliphatic-alicyclic, heterocyclic, aliphatic-heterocyclic, aromatic, aromatic-aromatic or aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbon radical preferably having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, with substituted hydrocarbon radicals having substituents selected from among —N(R 20 ) 2 , —NHR 20 , —NH 2 , fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, —OH, —CN, —C(O)—R 20 , —C(O)H or —C(O)O—R 20 , —CF 3 , —O—R 20 , —C(O)N—R 20 , —OC(O)—R 20 and/or —Si(R 20 ) 3 , where R 20 is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical which preferably has from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and if a plurality of hydrocarbon radicals R 20 are present, these can be identical or different, and R 16 to R 19 are selected independently from among monovalent substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, heteroaromatic, mixed aliphatic-alicyclic, mixed aliphatic-aromatic, heterocyclic, mixed aliphatic-heterocyclic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, H, F, Cl, Br, I, —CF 3 , —CH 2 (CF 2 ) j CF 3 where j=0-9, —OR 21 , —COR 21 , —CO 2 R 21 , —CO 2 M, —SR 21 , —SO 2 R 21 , —SOR 21 , —SO 3 R 21 , —SO 3 M, —SO 2 NR 21 R 22 , —NR 21 R 22 , —N═CR 21 R 22 , where R 21 and R 22 are selected independently from among H, monovalent substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 25 carbon atoms and M is an alkali metal ion, formally half an alkaline earth metal, ammonium or phosphonium ion, or adjacent radicals R 16 to R 19 together form a fused substituted or unsubstituted aromatic, heteroaromatic, aliphatic, mixed aromatic-aliphatic or mixed heteroaromatic-aliphatic ring system; with substituted hydrocarbon radicals having substituents selected from among —N(R 23 ) 2 , —NHR 23 , —NH 2 , fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, —OH, —CN, —C(O)—R 23 , —C(O)H or —C(O)O—R 23 , —CF 3 , —O—R 23 , —C(O)N—R 23 , —OC(O)—R 23 and/or —Si(R 23 ) 3 , where R 18 is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical which preferably has from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and when a plurality of hydrocarbon radicals R 23 are present, these can be identical or different, and the radicals R 16 , R 17 , R 18 and R 19 are identical or different, as an organophosphorus ligand.
18. The mixture as claimed in claim 13 which comprises a compound of the formula VIIb-1 or VIIb-2
where k=2 and R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 having the meanings given for the formulae VIIc-9 to VIIc-11, Q is a divalent substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, alicyclic, mixed aliphatic-alicyclic, heterocyclic, mixed aliphatic-heterocyclic, aromatic, heteroaromatic, mixed aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, with aliphatic parts of Q being able to contain oxygen, sulfur and/or nitrogen and substituted hydrocarbon radicals Q being able to have substituents having the same meanings as R 16 to R 19 , as an organophosphorus ligand.
19. The mixture as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the organophosphorus ligand is present in a molar ratio to the metal of from 0.1:1 to 100:1.
20. The mixture as claimed in claim 13 , wherein cobalt or rhodium is present as the metal of transition group VIII of the Periodic Table.
21. The mixture as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the stabilizer is present in a molar ratio to the catalyst metal of from 0.1:1 to 100:1.