Therapeutic angiogenesis for treatment of the spine
The invention relates to methods for the diagnosis, amelioration, and treatment of back pain, particularly lumbar back pain, in particular, back pain caused by muscular abnormalities, vertebral body osteoporosis, and disc degeneration. Patients with back pain are categorized into specific subsets that are deemed to have potential to respond to therapy. In particular, the invention includes a therapy involving stimulation of neovascularization so as to increase perfusion of various spine compartments.
1. A method of diagnosing a patient with back pain as having an ischemic disc disease comprising:
a. selecting a patient with back pain;
b. obtaining image data of at least a portion of a spine of the patient, the image data including at least a portion of an intravertebral vasculature proximal to an intervertebral disc endplate;
c. quantifying localized perfusion of at least the portion of the intravertebral vasculature proximal to the intervertebral disc endplate from the image data; and
d. diagnosing said patient as having the ischemic disc disease where the quantified localized perfusion indicates hypoperfusion within the at least a portion of the intravertebral vasculature proximal to the intervertebral disc endplate.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step of quantifying localized perfusion comprises measuring an amount of patency of at least the portion of the intravertebral vasculature proximal to the intervertebral disc endplate.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said step of quantifying localized perfusion comprises measuring local changes in extracellular fluid pH.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of obtaining image data of at least athe portion of the spine of the patient comprises obtaining image data of at least the portion of the spine of the patient using a magnetic resonance imaging (MR) system.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step of quantifying localized perfusion comprises quantifying localized perfusion proximate to both a superior and an inferior endplate of an intervertebral disc.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of obtaining image data of at least the portion of the spine of the patient comprises obtaining image data of at least the portion of the spine of the patient using a dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MR) system.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the step of obtaining image data of at least the portion of the spine of the patient using the dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging system includes the use of a contrast agent comprising an exogenous MR observable contrast agent.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step of quantifying localized perfusion comprises determining a reduction in blood flow by comparison to blood vessels of individuals that do not suffer from back pain associated with hypoperfusion.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of quantifying localized perfusion of at least the portion of the intravertebral vasculature proximal to the intervertebral disc endplate comprises measuring the blood flow of at least a portion of the intravertebral vasculature proximal to the intervertebral disc endplate.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step of obtaining image data comprises obtaining image data using an imaging system selected from a group consisting of MR Sagittal fast spin-echo (FSE), magnetic resonance spectroscopy, dynamic computed tomography, computed tomography (CT), provocative discography, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and any combination thereof.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the image data comprises one or more two-dimensional (2D) images.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the image data comprises one or more three-dimensional (3D) images.
13. A method of treating a patient with back pain having an ischemic disc disease comprising:
a. diagnosing at least one patient as having an ischemic disc disease by performing the method of claim 1 ; and
b. treating the patient having ischemic disc disease by increasing the localized perfusion of at least a portion of the intravertebral vasculature.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the step of increasing the localized perfusion of at least the portion of the intravertebral vasculature comprises augmenting blood flow by inducing angiogenesis.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein said step of increasing the localized perfusion of at least the portion of the intravertebral vasculature comprises administering a growth factor.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein said growth factor is selected from the group consisting of FGF-1 through FGF-23.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein said step of increasing the localized perfusion of at least the portion of the intravertebral vasculature comprises administering at least one angiogenic factor by injection into or around a vertebral body.
18. The method of claim 13 , further comprising a step of regenerating living tissue of an intervertebral disc.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein said step of regenerating living tissue comprises regenerating living tissue by using at least one item selected from the group consisting of fibroblast growth factor, synthetic tissue scaffold, treated allograft scaffold, xenograft tissue scaffold, stem cell, and any combination thereof.
20. The method of claim 13 , wherein said step of increasing the localized perfusion of at least the portion of the intravertebral vasculature by inducing angiogenesis comprises administering at least one angiogenic factor by injection into or through a pedicle.