Extended non-return-to-zero serial channel signaling
View Patent ↗Methods and apparatus for serial channel operation are disclosed. An N+1-level signaling scheme is used to transmit N staggered but overlapping NRZ sub-sequences concurrently on a serial channel. Each sequence has a bit rate R and an essential bandwidth of R Hz. The combined bit rate of the channel is N×R, but due to a lack of correlation between the sub-sequences, the essential bandwidth remains approximately R Hz. The signaling scheme also contains redundancy that allows some errors to be detected and/or corrected. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.
1. A method of transmitting a data stream S(i) across an electrical serial channel in an electronic system at a first rate of R symbols/sec, the method comprising:
partitioning the data stream S(i) into N data sub-streams S j (k), by supplying N symbols, S(kN+j) for 0≦j≦N, to a joint coder during a first coding time, and then, for each value of j, supplying symbol S(kN+N+j) to the joint coder instead of symbol S(kN+j) at coding time separated from the first coding time by j/R seconds, where N>2 and 0≦j≦N; and
transmitting the N data sub-streams S j (k) concurrently on the electrical serial channel by supplying, from each data sub-stream, one symbol to the joint coder, the joint coder transmitting an NRZ signal representing the sum of the symbol, wherein each data sub-stream is transmitted using Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ) signaling at a data rate of R/N symbols/sec, the symbol transitions on the N data sub-streams are staggered in time such that a symbol transition on data sub-stream S j (k) is separated from a symbol transition on data stream S j+1 (k) by 1/R seconds.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein partitioning the data stream into N data sub-streams S j (k) comprises partitioning symbol S(kN+j) to sub-stream symbol S j (k).
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein transmitting the N data sub-streams S j (k) concurrently on the electrical serial channel comprises driving signals from N transmitters T j onto the electrical serial channel, each transmitter producing NRZ signaling for a respective data sub-stream.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein each transmitter T j is a differential transmitter that simultaneously drives a signal representing symbol S j (k) on a first conductor of a differential pair and drives a signal representing the logical inverse of symbol S j (k) on a second conductor of the differential pair.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the NRZ signal representing the sum of the symbols takes one of N+1 signal levels.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the joint coder is a differential transmitter that simultaneously drives a signal representing the sum of the symbols on a first conductor of a differential pair and drives a signal representing the logical inverse of the sum of the symbols on a second conductor of the differential pair.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein for a first symbol in data stream S(i), all sub-streams but the one transmitting the first symbol are initialized to transmit a preset signal level.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein for a first symbol in data stream S(i), all sub-streams are initialized to transmit a signal level corresponding to the value of the first symbol.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein S(i) is a binary sequence, further comprising pre-coding S(i) to produce a pre-coded data stream that is a ternary sequence, the pre-coding comprising mapping N occurrences of the value “1” to a value “1” and then mapping the next N occurrences of the value “1” to a value “−1” in alternating fashion, and mapping all symbols having a value “0” to a value “0,” and wherein transmitting the N data sub-streams S j (k) concurrently comprises performing a modified exclusive-OR operation that changes the value transmitted on the serial channel by one level when the next pre-coded data symbol is either a “1” or a “−1,” with the direction of the level change determined by the sign of the “1.”