Alzheimer's disease-specific alterations of the ERK1/ERK2 Phosphorylation ratio-Alzheimer's disease-specific molecular biomarkers (ADSMB)
The present invention relates to methods of diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease as well as to methods of confirming the presence or absence of Alzheimer's Disease in a subject. The present invention is also directed to methods of identifying a lead compound useful for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease by contacting non-Alzheimer's cells with an amyloid beta peptide, stimulating the cells with a protein kinase C activator, contacting the cells with a test compound, and determining the value of an Alzheimer's Disease-specific molecular biomarker. The present invention is also directed to methods of diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease in a subject by detecting alterations in the ratio of specific phosphorylated MAP kinase proteins in cells after stimulation with a protein kinase C activator. The Alzheimer's Disease-specific molecular biomarkers disclosed herein are useful for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease, monitoring the progression of Alzheimer's Disease in a subject and in screening methods for the identification of compounds for treating or preventing Alzheimer's Disease. The invention is also directed to kits containing reagents for the detection and diagnosis of the presence or absence of Alzheimer's Disease using the Alzheimer's Disease-specific molecular biomarkers disclosed herein.
1 . A method for selecting a patient having increased responsiveness to treatment of Alzheimer's Disease comprising:
a. contacting cells from a patient with an agent that is a protein kinase C activator;
b. measuring the value of an Alzheimer's Disease-specific molecular biomarker in said cells;
wherein said increased responsiveness to treatment of Alzheimer's Disease in said patient is indicated if the value of said Alzheimer's Disease-specific molecular biomarker in said cells is a high positive value correlated to early stage Alzheimer's Disease.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said cells are peripheral cells.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said high positive value correlated to early stage Alzheimer's Disease indicates zero to two years of dementia.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said high positive value correlated to early stage Alzheimer's Disease indicates zero to three years of dementia.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said cells are selected from the group consisting of skin cells, fibroblast skin cells, blood cells, and buccal mucosa cells.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said protein kinase C activator is selected from the group consisting of bradykinin, bryostatin, bombesin, cholecystokinin, thrombin, prostaglandin F2α, and vasopressin.
7 . A method for selecting a patient having increased responsiveness to treatment of Alzheimer's Disease comprising:
a. contacting cells from a patient with an agent that is a protein kinase C activator;
b. measuring the value of an Alzheimer's Disease-specific molecular biomarker;
wherein the increased responsiveness to treatment of Alzheimer's Disease in said patient is indicated if the value of said Alzheimer's Disease-specific molecular biomarker in said cells is higher than the value of said Alzheimer's Disease-specific molecular biomarker from control cells.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein said cells are peripheral cells.
9 . The method of claim 7 , wherein said high positive value correlated to early stage Alzheimer's Disease indicates zero to two years of dementia.
10 . The method of claim 7 , wherein said high positive value correlated to early stage Alzheimer's Disease indicates zero to three years of dementia.
11 . The method of claim 7 , wherein said cells are selected from the group consisting of skin cells, fibroblast skin cells, saliva, blood cells, and buccal mucosa cells.
12 . The method of claim 7 , wherein said protein kinase C activator is selected from the group consisting of bradykinin, bryostatin, bombesin, cholecystokinin, thrombin, prostaglandin F2α, and vasopressin.
13 . A method for treating a patient identified as having increased responsiveness to treatment of Alzheimer's Disease by the method of claim 1 comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical agent to said patient.
14 . A method for treating a patient identified as having an increased responsiveness to treatment of Alzheimer's Disease by the method of claim 7 comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical agent to said patient.