Free-flowing lyophilized tobramycin formulation
The invention provides among other things a stable, sterile pharmaceutical formulation comprising lyophilized tobramycin, wherein the lyophilized tobramycin is in the form of a free-flowing powder. The invention also provides a method of producing a stable, sterile pharmaceutical product comprising lyophilized tobramycin. The invention also provides a pharmaceutical dosage form comprising the pharmaceutical formulation, as well as a method of treating a disease in a patient comprising administering a solution of the pharmaceutical formulation to a patient.
1 . A method of producing a stable, sterile pharmaceutical formulation comprising lyophilized tobramycin, which method comprises:
(a) preparing a liquid composition comprising tobramycin and a solvent comprising about 4.5% by volume or less of tert-butyl alcohol,
(b) freezing the composition to a temperature of from about −10° C. to about −70° C., to produce a frozen mixture, wherein the temperature is maintained for from at least about 1 hour to about 30 hours,
(c) subjecting the frozen mixture to a primary drying stage, which comprises applying a vacuum to reduce the pressure to about 100 micron Hg, and, while applying the vacuum, changing the temperature of the frozen mixture to a primary drying temperature of from about −15° C. to about 20° C., wherein the temperature of the frozen mixture in the primary drying stage is changed at a rate of from about 0.1° C. to about 0.5° C. per minute, and wherein the primary drying temperature is maintained for at least about 40 hours to about 80 hours, to produce a first intermediate, and
(d) subjecting the first intermediate to a secondary drying stage, which comprises applying a vacuum to reduce the pressure to about 100 micron Hg, and, while applying the vacuum, changing the temperature of the frozen mixture to a secondary drying temperature of from about 30° C. to about 45° C., wherein the temperature of the frozen mixture in the secondary drying stage is changed at a rate of from about 0.1° C. to about 0.5° C. per minute, and wherein the secondary drying temperature is maintained for at least about 5 hours to about 30 hours, to produce the pharmaceutical formulation, wherein the lyophilized tobramycin is in the form of a free-flowing powder.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is frozen to a temperature of from about −45° C. to about −60° C.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is frozen to a temperature of about −45° C.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the primary drying temperature is from about −15° C. to about 10° C.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature at which the composition is frozen is held for at least about 10 hours to about 20 hours.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the frozen mixture in the primary drying stage is raised at a rate of about 0.1° C. per minute.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the primary drying temperature in the primary drying stage is maintained for at least about 60 hours to about 70 hours.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the primary drying temperature in the primary drying stage is maintained until the temperature of the frozen mixture is about equal to the primary drying temperature.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the secondary drying temperature is from about 30° C. to about 40° C.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the frozen mixture in the secondary drying stage is raised at a rate of about 0.2° C. per minute.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the secondary drying temperature in the secondary drying stage is maintained for at least about 10 hours to about 20 hours.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the secondary drying temperature in the secondary drying stage is held until the moisture content is about 1.0 wt % of the formulation.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein (a) the primary drying temperature is from about −15° C. to about −10° C., (b) the temperature of the frozen mixture in the primary drying stage is raised at a rate of about 0.1° C. per minute, and (c) the primary drying temperature is maintained for at least about 60 hours to about 70 hours.
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein (a) the composition is frozen to a temperature of from about −45° C. to about −60° C., and the temperature at which the composition is frozen is maintained for at least about 10 hours to 20 hours, (b) the primary drying temperature is from about −15° C. to about −10° C., and the primary drying temperature is maintained for at least about 60 hours to about 70 hours, and (c) the secondary drying temperature is from about 30° C. to about 40° C., and the secondary drying temperature is maintained for at least about 10 hours to about 20 hours.
15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein (a) the composition is frozen to a temperature of about −48° C., and the temperature at which the composition is frozen is maintained for at least about 15 hours, (b) the primary drying temperature is about −15° C., and the primary drying temperature is maintained for at least about 67 hours, and (c) the secondary drying temperature is about 30° C., and the secondary drying temperature is maintained for at least about 15 hours.