Method for aligning microscopic structures and substrate having microscopic structures aligned, as well as integrated circuit apparatus and display element

1. A method for aligning microscopic structures, comprising:

a substrate preparing step of defining one microscopic structure-aligning region having as a unit three electrodes to which independent potentials are applied and preparing an insulating substrate having one or more of the microscopic structure-aligning regions formed;

a microscopic structure applying step of applying a liquid including microscopic structures ranging from a nano scale to a micron scale on said insulating substrate; and

a microscopic structure aligning step of applying respective voltages to said three electrodes to align said microscopic structures in the microscopic structure-aligning regions defined by the electrodes.

2. The method for aligning microscopic structures according to claim 1 , wherein said microscopic structures are aligned mainly in a direction perpendicular to a direction in which said electrodes are formed.

3. The method for aligning microscopic structures according to claim 1 , wherein said microscopic structures are aligned in locations separated by a distance beyond a repulsive force generated by a charge induced in the microscopic structures.

4. The method for aligning microscopic structures according to claim 1 , wherein

a first electrode and a second electrode among said three electrodes define said microscopic structure-aligning region,

a third electrode is placed between said first and second electrodes in said microscopic structure-aligning region, and

a reference potential is applied to said third electrode and alternating current potentials are applied to said first and second electrodes during said microscopic structure aligning step.

5. The method for aligning microscopic structures according to claim 4 , wherein

the alternating current potentials applied to said first and second electrodes have the same frequency and a phase difference of 150 to 210°.

6. The method for aligning microscopic structures according to claim 4 , wherein an average of the potentials applied to said first and second electrodes is different from the reference potential applied to the third electrode.

7. The method for aligning microscopic structures according to claim 4 , wherein

an offset voltage applying operation for applying an offset voltage for the third electrode to said first and second electrodes is carried out during said microscopic structure aligning step.

8. The method for aligning microscopic structures according to claim 7 , wherein a time difference in applying the offset voltage to said first and second electrodes is 0.1 second or less in said offset voltage applying operation.

9. The method for aligning microscopic structures according to claim 7 , wherein the offset voltages applied to said first and second electrodes are equal in said offset voltage applying operation.

10. The method for aligning microscopic structures according to claim 7 , wherein said offset voltage applying operation is repeated.

11. The method for aligning microscopic structures according to claim 10 , wherein said offset voltage applying operation is carried out at intervals of 1 to 10 seconds.

12. A method for aligning microscopic structures, comprising:

a substrate preparing step of defining one microscopic structure-aligning region having as an unit three electrodes including fourth, fifth and sixth electrodes to which independent potentials are applied and preparing an insulating substrate having one or more of the microscopic structure-aligning regions formed;

a microscopic structure applying step of applying a liquid including microscopic structures ranging from a nano scale to a micron scale on the insulating substrate; and

a microscopic structure aligning step of applying voltages to said three electrodes to align the microscopic structures in the microscopic structure-aligning regions defined by the electrodes, wherein

the microscopic structure aligning step includes a first microscopic structure aligning step of aligning first microscopic structures across the fourth and fifth electrodes, and a second microscopic structure aligning step of aligning second microscopic structures across the fifth and sixth electrodes,

in the first microscopic structure aligning step, a reference potential is applied to said fifth and sixth electrodes and a potential that is different from the reference potential is applied to the fourth electrode, and

in the second microscopic structure aligning step, a reference potential is applied to said fourth and fifth electrodes and a potential that is different from the reference potential is applied to the sixth electrode.

13. The method for aligning microscopic structures according to claim 12 , wherein an offset voltage for the fourth and fifth electrodes is applied to the sixth electrode during said first microscopic structure aligning step.

14. The method for aligning microscopic structures according to claim 12 , wherein said microscopic structures are aligned mainly in a direction perpendicular to a direction in which said electrodes are formed.

15. The method for aligning microscopic structures according to claim 12 , wherein said microscopic structures are aligned in locations separated by a distance beyond a repulsive force generated by a charge induced in the microscopic structures.