Mass spectrometry assays for identifying compounds that activate deacetylases
Provided are methods for determining the activity of proteins that modulate the acetylation state of a protein substrate. The methods may be used for determining both acetyltransferase activity and deacetylase activity. The methods utilize mass spectrometry for determining the acetylation state of a substrate peptide. The methods may also be used to identify compounds that modulate the activity of a protein having acetyltransferase or deacetylase activity. In some embodiments, a compound that modulates a deacetylase is an activator of the deacetylase.
1. A method for identifying a compound that activates a deacetylase, comprising:
contacting a peptide substrate pool with a deacetylase in the presence of a test compound in vitro, wherein the concentration of peptide substrate in the peptide substrate pool is below the K m of the deacetylase for the peptide substrate, and wherein members of said peptide substrate pool comprise at least one acetylated lysine residue, and
determining the level of acetylation of the peptide substrate pool using mass spectrometry, wherein a decrease in the level of acetylation of the peptide substrate pool in the presence of the test compound as compared to a control reaction in which the test compound is not included indicates that the test compound activates the deacetylase.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of peptide substrate in the peptide substrate pool is at least two fold below the K m of the deacetylase for the peptide substrate.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the concentration of peptide substrate in the peptide substrate pool is at least 10 fold below the K m of the deacetylase for the peptide substrate.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sequence of the peptide substrate is derived from a histone, an HMG protein, p53, c-Myb, GATA-1, EKLF, MyoD, E2F, dTCF, or HIV Tat, or a fragment thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate peptide pool comprises a single peptide species.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate peptide pool comprises a mixture of two or more peptides.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the deacetylase is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) or a sirtuin.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the sirtuin is a SIRT1 protein.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein a compound that activates a sirtuin to a greater extent than resveratrol is identified.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein a compound that has sirtuin activating activity at least 5-fold greater than the sirtuin activating activity of resveratrol is identified.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mass spectrometry is electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is a small molecule.
13. The method of claim 1 , which is performed in high-throughput format.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of peptide substrate in the peptide substrate pool is at least 5 fold below the Km of the deacetylase for the peptide substrate.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of peptide substrate in the peptide substrate pool is at least 20 fold below the Km of the deacetylase for the peptide substrate.