Graphite particle, carbon-graphite composite particle and their production processes
View Patent ↗The present invention relates to a graphite particle and a carbon-graphite composite particle both suitable for use in electrode for lithium ion secondary battery, as well as to processes for producing these particles. The graphite particle of the present invention has an average particle diameter of 5 to 50 μm, wherein one or more recesses having a depth of 0.1 to 10 μm are formed in the surface. The graphite particle is produced by a mixing step for mixing raw material graphite particles and recess-forming particles, a press molding step for press-molding the mixture composed of the raw material graphite particles and the recess-forming particles to obtain a molded article, a pulverization step for pulverizing the molded article, and a separation step for separating and removing the recess-forming particles from the pulverized molded article. The carbon-graphite composite particle of the present invention is produced by performing a thermal CVD step which comprises covering the surface of the above-mentioned graphite particle with a carbon layer.
1. A process for producing a graphite particle having an average particle diameter of 5 to 50 μm, wherein ten or more recesses having a depth of 0.5 to 10 μm are formed in the surface by ten or more recess-forming particles pushed into each AB plane of graphite crystal to deform, the diameter of each recess being ⅕ to ⅓ of the particle diameter of said graphite particle, which method comprises:
mixing raw material graphite particles and recess-forming particles,
press-molding the mixture composed of the raw material graphite particles and the recess-forming particles to obtain a molded article,
pulverizing the molded article, and
separating and removing the recess-forming particles from the pulverized molded article to obtain said graphite particle.
2. A process for producing a graphite particle according to claim 1 , wherein each raw material graphite particle has an approximately spherical shape having an aspect ratio of 1 to 3 and has inside a laminated structure of graphite layers wherein each AB plane of graphite crystal is bent concentrically along the particle surface.
3. A process for producing a graphite particle according to claim 1 , wherein each raw material graphite particle has a scaly shape.
4. A process for producing a graphite particle according to claim 1 , wherein the raw material graphite particles are artificial graphite or a natural graphite and have a spherical, scaly, pseude-spherical, elliptical, fibrous, spindle-like, or onion-like shape.
5. A process for producing a graphite particle according to claim 1 , wherein the material of the recess-forming particles is selected from metals, oxides, synthetic polymers, carbon compounds, sublimable or volatile chemical substances, and vegetable polymers and has an average particle diameter of 1 to 20 μm.
6. A process for producing a graphite particle according to claim 1 , wherein the material of the recess-forming particles is selected from iron, copper, tin, aluminum and nickel; silica, alumina, zinc oxide and iron oxide; polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, tetrafluoroethylene and phenolic resin; coal, coal tar, coal pitch, petroleum pitch, coke, charcoal, carbon black, carbon formed by thermal firing, and precursor or derivative thereof; naphthalene, olefin, natural wax, synthetic wax, malic acid, maleic acid and ammonium sulfate; wheat flour, starch, corn starch, carboxy cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and precursor or derivative thereof.
7. A process for producing a graphite particle according to claim 1 , wherein the mixing ratio of the recess-forming particles to the raw material graphite particles is 1 to 60% by mass.
8. A process for producing a graphite particle according to claim 1 , wherein the raw material graphite particles have an average particle diameter of 5 to 50 vim, a tap density of 0.5 to 1.3 g/ml, a specific surface area of 1 to 40 m 2 /g, and an ash content of 0.2% by mass or less.
9. A process for producing a carbon-graphite composite particle, said composite particle comprising
a graphite particle and
a carbon layer covering the surface of said graphite particle,
which method comprises covering the surfaces of graphite particles, said particles having an average particle diameter of 5 to 50 μm and having, in their surfaces, ten or more recesses having a depth of 0.5 to 10 μm formed in the surfaces by ten or more recess-forming particles pushed into each AB plane of graphite crystal to deform, with a carbon layer by a thermal CVD step, the diameter of each recess being ⅕ to ⅓ of the particle diameter of the graphite particle.
10. A process for producing a carbon-graphite composite particle according to claim 9 , wherein the thermal CVD step is performed in a fluidized bed type reaction furnace, in an inert atmosphere, at 800 to 1,200° C., by a thermal CVD method using an organic solvent as a carbon source and wherein the coverage amount of carbon to graphite particle is 0.1 to 20% by mass.