Method, computer readable medium, and system for determining a probability of colorectal cancer in a test subject
Disclosed is a method of testing for colorectal cancer in a test individual by providing data corresponding to a level of products of selected biomarkers and applying the data to a formula to provide an indication of whether the test individual has colorectal cancer. Also disclosed are kits for measuring data corresponding to the products of selected biomarkers, and kits and methods of monitoring therapeutic efficacy of treatments for colorectal cancer.
1. A method of determining a probability that a test subject has colorectal cancer, the method comprising:
(a) determining the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of a set of genes consisting of CDA and BANK1 in blood of the test subject, thereby obtaining test levels; and
(b) applying to the test levels a classifier for determining a probability that the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of a subject classify with the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of subjects having colorectal cancer as opposed to the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of subjects not having colorectal cancer, thereby determining a probability that the test subject has colorectal cancer.
2. A computer implemented method of determining a probability that a test subject has colorectal cancer, the method comprising:
using a suitably programmed computer, applying a classifier to data representing the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of a set of genes consisting of CDA and BANK1 in blood of a test subject, the classifier being for determining a probability that the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of a subject classify with the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from the set of genes in blood of subjects having colorectal cancer as opposed to the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from the set of genes in blood of subjects not having colorectal cancer, thereby determining a probability that the test subject has colorectal cancer.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the classifier has a form:
Y=C+Σβ ij ( X i /X j ),
wherein Y is a value indicating a probability that the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of the test subject classify with the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of subjects having colorectal cancer as opposed to the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of subjects not having colorectal cancer, wherein X i , is a level of mRNA of an ith gene of the set of genes, X j , is a level of mRNA of a jth gene of the set of genes where the ith gene is not the jth gene, wherein β ij is a logistic regression equation coefficient, wherein C is a logistic regression equation constant, and wherein β ij and C are the result of applying logistic regression analysis to the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of subjects having colorectal cancer, and to the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of subjects not having colorectal cancer.
4. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions for applying a classifier to data representing the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of a set of genes consisting of CDA and BANK1 in blood of a test subject, the classifier being for determining a probability that the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of a subject classify with the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of subjects having colorectal cancer as opposed to the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of subjects not having colorectal cancer.
5. The computer-readable medium of claim 4 , wherein the classifier has a form:
Y=C+Σβ ij ( X i /X j ),
wherein Y is a value indicating a probability that the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of the test subject classify with the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of subjects having colorectal cancer as opposed to the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of subjects not having colorectal cancer, wherein X i , is a level of mRNA of an ith gene of the set of genes, X j , is a level of mRNA of a jth gene of the set of genes where the ith gene is not the jth gene, wherein β ij is a logistic regression equation coefficient, wherein C is a logistic regression equation constant, and wherein β ij and C are the result of applying logistic regression analysis to the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of subjects having colorectal cancer, and to the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of subjects not having colorectal cancer.
6. A computer system for determining a probability that a test subject has colorectal cancer, the computer system comprising
a processor; and
a memory configured with instructions that cause said processor to apply a classifier to data representing the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of a set of genes consisting of CDA and BANK1in blood of a test subject, the classifier being for determining a probability that the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of a subject classify with the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of subjects having colorectal cancer as opposed to the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of subjects not having colorectal cancer.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the classifier has a form:
Y=C+Σβ ij ( X i /X j ),
wherein Y is a value indicating a probability that the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of the test subject classify with the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of subjects having colorectal cancer as opposed to the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from the set of genes in blood of subjects not having colorectal cancer, wherein X i , is a level of mRNA of an ith gene of the set of genes, X j , is a level of mRNA of a jth gene of the set of genes where the ith gene is not the jth gene, wherein β ij is a logistic regression equation coefficient, wherein C is a logistic regression equation constant, and wherein β ij and C are the result of applying logistic regression analysis to the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of subjects having colorectal cancer, and to the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of subjects not having colorectal cancer.
8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the classifier has a form:
Y=C+Σβ ij ( X i /X j ),
wherein Y is a value indicating a probability that the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of the test subject classify with the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of subjects having colorectal cancer as opposed to the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of subjects not having colorectal cancer, wherein X i , is a level of mRNA of an ith gene of the set of genes, X j , is a level of mRNA of a jth gene of the set of genes where the ith gene is not the jth gene, wherein β ij is a logistic regression equation coefficient, wherein C is a logistic regression equation constant, and wherein β ij and C are the result of applying logistic regression analysis to the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of subjects having colorectal cancer, and to the gene-specific levels of mRNA transcribed from each gene of the set of genes in blood of subjects not having colorectal cancer.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the levels of mRNA are determined using amplification.
10. The method of claim 2 , wherein the levels of mRNA are determined using amplification.
11. The computer-readable medium of claim 4 , wherein the levels of mRNA are determined using amplification.
12. The computer system of claim 6 , wherein the levels of mRNA are determined using amplification.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the levels of mRNA are determined relative to levels of mRNA transcribed from ACTB.
14. The method of claim 2 , wherein the levels of mRNA are determined relative to levels of mRNA transcribed from ACTB.
15. The computer-readable medium of claim 4 , wherein the levels of mRNA are determined relative to levels of mRNA transcribed from ACTB.
16. The computer system of claim 6 , wherein the levels of mRNA are determined relative to levels of mRNA transcribed from ACTB.