A bi-directional flow sensor is adapted for reducing pneumatic noise during pressure sensing with a flow passing through the flow sensor. The flow sensor comprises a hollow, tubular member having a throat section disposed between a ventilator end and a patient end. A flow restrictor is disposed in the throat section and is adapted to measure differential pressure in the flow. A baffle is mounted at the ventilator end and is adapted to minimize non-axial flow at pressure taps located on opposing ends of the flow restrictor. The patient end includes a flow obstruction configured to promote uniform velocity across the flow at the pressure taps during exhalation flow from the patient end to the ventilator end. The flow sensor minimizes pneumatic noise to less than 0.1 LPM to allow accurate patient flow measurement and triggering of inhalation and exhalation phases at flow rates of 0.2 LPM.
1. A bi-directional flow sensor for sensing pressure of a flow passing therethrough, the flow sensor comprising:
a hollow tubular member having a ventilator end and a patient end and defining a bore with a central axis, the bore including a throat section disposed between the ventilator end and patient end;
a flow restrictor bisecting the throat section and including a pair of pressure taps each defining a tap height; and
a flow obstruction disposed between the flow restrictor and the patient end, bisecting the bore along a transverse cross section, and being configured to promote uniform velocity across the bore at the pressure taps, wherein the flow obstruction comprises a first aerodynamic end extending transversely across the bore and disposed toward the patient end, and a second aerodynamic end extending transversely across the bore and disposed toward the ventilator end, and wherein each tap height of said tap heights is one of equal to or less than a height of said flow obstruction,
wherein the flow obstruction is oriented perpendicularly relative to the flow restrictor when viewed in an axial direction with respect to the central axis.
2. The flow sensor of claim 1 wherein the tap height of each one of the pressure taps is symmetrical about the central axis.
3. The flow sensor of claim 1 wherein the first aerodynamic end comprises a first pointed end that points toward the patient.
4. The flow sensor of claim 3 , wherein the flow obstruction has a diamond-shaped axial cross section.
5. The flow sensor of claim 1 wherein the flow obstruction has a teardrop-shaped axial cross section.
6. The flow sensor of claim 1 wherein the flow restrictor has an oblong-shaped axial cross section.
7. The flow sensor of claim 6 wherein the flow restrictor has a diamond-shaped axial cross section.
8. The flow sensor of claim 1 wherein the flow sensor is integrated into a wye fitting.
9. A bi-directional flow sensor for sensing pressure of a flow passing therethrough, the flow sensor comprising:
a hollow tubular member having a ventilator end and a patient end and defining a bore with a central axis, the bore including a throat section disposed between the ventilator end and patient end;
a flow restrictor bisecting the throat section and including a pair of pressure taps each defining a tap height;
a flow obstruction disposed at the patient end and bisecting the bore along a transverse cross section in a manner perpendicular to the flow restrictor when viewed in an axial direction with respect to the central axis; and
a baffle disposed within the bore at the ventilator end and comprising a plurality of vanes, the baffle being sized and configured to minimize non-axial flow at the pressure taps.
10. The flow sensor of claim 9 wherein the vanes are radially oriented.
11. The flow sensor of claim 10 wherein the baffle comprises up to eight of the vanes positioned equiangularly relative to one another.
12. The flow sensor of claim 9 wherein each one of the vanes includes a notch on a radially inward side thereof such that the notches collectively define a pressure relief by discharging vane to vane pressure.
13. The flow sensor of claim 9 wherein the bore includes a taper section located adjacent the baffle and tapering radially inwardly along a direction from the ventilator end toward the patient end.
14. The flow sensor of claim 9 wherein the tap height of each one of the pressure taps is symmetrical about the central axis.
15. The flow sensor of claim 9 adapted for use with a mechanical ventilator and being configured such that pneumatic noise is maintained at less than about 0.1 liters per minute (LPM).
16. The flow sensor of claim 9 wherein the flow sensor is integrated into a wye fitting.
17. The flow sensor of claim 9 wherein the flow obstruction further comprises a first aerodynamic end extending transversely across the bore and disposed toward the patient end, and a second aerodynamic end extending transversely across the bore and disposed toward the ventilator end.
18. The flow sensor of claim 17 wherein the first aerodynamic end disposed toward the patient end comprises a first pointed end that points toward the patient end, and the second aerodynamic end comprises a second pointed end that points toward the ventilator end.