Method of starting a synchronous motor with a brushless DC exciter
A starting method and system for a motor where the motor may be started as an induction motor by applying a magnetizing current to build flux through the stator, with the field current set at the maximum permissible exciter stator current (i.e., the current that will cause rated no-load current in the main field at the transition speed). The motor stator currents will be maintained at a value that allows the motor to generate sufficient breakaway torque to overcome any stiction. At a specific transition speed or after a period of time, the drive will initiate a transition from induction motor control to synchronous motor control by removing the initial magnetizing current, and a field current is then applied to the motor through the DC exciter. Once this transition is completed, the drive may ramp up to the desired speed demand.
1. A method of controlling startup of a synchronous motor having a brushless direct current exciter, comprising:
applying, by a variable frequency drive controller, a magnetizing current to a motor stator and a predetermined field current to the exciter such that the motor is operated as an induction motor during a first time period;
applying, by the variable frequency drive controller, a torque current to the motor stator to rotate a rotor;
monitoring, at a phase lock loop operably connected to the variable frequency drive controller, current feedback and voltage feedback from the motor;
reducing the magnetizing current applied to the motor stator and regulating the field current applied to the exciter after a certain transition speed such that the motor is operated as a synchronous motor during a second time period; and
receiving, at a motor model controller operably connected to the phase lock loop, the current feedback and voltage feedback and providing a motor control component with motor speed and motor flux values during the second time period.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said frequency drive controller applies said magnetizing current and said field current simultaneously.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said torque current is raised to a predetermined level and held for a predetermined period of time.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said predetermined level and said predetermined period of time are determined based upon a load being applied to said motor.
5. A system for controlling startup of a synchronous motor having a brushless direct current exciter comprising:
a variable frequency drive controller configured to apply a magnetizing current to a motor stator for a predetermined period of time;
a motor control component configured to switch operation of the motor to a closed loop such that the magnetizing current from said variable frequency drive controller is reduced so that the motor is operated as a synchronous motor during a second time period;
a phase lock loop; and
a motor model controller,
wherein the phase lock loop controller monitors current feedback and voltage feedback from the motor and provides the motor model controller with the current feedback and the voltage feedback, and
wherein the motor model controller provides the motor control component with motor speed and motor flux values during the synchronous motor operation.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein said frequency drive controller is further configured to apply a field current to the exciter,
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein said frequency drive controller is configured to apply said magnetizing current and said field current simultaneously.
8. A method of controlling startup of a synchronous motor having a brushless direct current exciter, comprising:
using a variable frequency drive controller to deliver an initial magnetizing current to a stator of the motor and a field current to the exciter;
holding the field current at a maximum permissible exciter stator current level for a time period;
after a magnetizing state period, applying a torque current such that a rotor of the motor begins to rotate;
increasing the torque current and motor speed to a predetermined level;
when the torque current reaches the predetermined level, holding the torque current and motor speed at that level for a flux dwell time period;
after a time period set by a phase-locked loop, closing a speed loop to regulate the torque current, thereby initiating a transition to operating the motor synchronously;
closing a flux loop to reduce the magnetizing current to zero and to regulate the field current; and
operating the motor as a synchronous motor.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said variable frequency drive control delivers said torque current.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein said maximum permissible exciter stator current level is regulated based upon a load being applied to said motor.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said predetermined level of said torque current is regulated based upon a load being applied to said motor.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein a speed of said motor increases after said flux dwell time, said speed increasing to a minimum speed required for synchronous operation.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein said minimum speed is determined based upon a load on said motor.