Sulfur-impregnated and coupling agent-reacted organoclay mercury and/or arsenic ion removal media
The use of two mercury and arsenic removal media: A) a sulfur-impregnated organoclay; and B) a coupling agent-reacted organoclay, wherein the coupling agent preferably contains a mercapto, disulfide, tretrasulfide and/or polysulfide end group provides mercury removal media having increased reactivity, stability, and synergistic mercury removal ability. The preferred mercury removal media described herein is prepared by reacting an organophilic clay containing onium ions A) with elemental sulfur; and B) with a sulfur-containing coupling agent, preferably containing a mercapto, disulfide, tetrasulfide, and/or polysulfide moiety.
1. A contaminant removal media comprising:
an intimate mixture of A) a sulfur impregnated organoclay and B) a sulfur-containing coupling agent-reacted layered phyllosilicate.
2. The contaminant removal media of claim 1 , wherein the coupling agent includes a mercapto or sulfide moiety.
3. The contaminant removal media of claim 1 , wherein the weight percentage of components in each of the sulfur-impregnated organoclay and the coupling agent-reacted media is as follows:
A) 1) organoclay: 50 to 99.5 wt. %; and 2) elemental sulfur: 0.5 to 50 wt. %;
B) 1) layered phyllosilicate: 50 to 99.5 wt. %; and 2) coupling agent: 0.5 to 50 wt. %.
4. The contaminant removal media of claim 3 wherein the organoclay comprises a layered phyllosilicate an intercalated with a phyllosilicate intercalant agent, and wherein the percentage of components is as follows:
A) 1) organoclay: 50 to 99.5 wt. %; and 2) elemental sulfur: 0.5-50 wt. %;
B) 1) layered phyllosilicate: 1-90 wt. %; intercalant agent: 10-50 wt. %; and 2) coupling agent: 0.5-50 wt. %.
5. The contaminant removal media of claim 4 further including an intercalant agent, and wherein the weight percentage of components is as follows:
A) 1) organoclay: 50 to 99.5 wt. %; and 2) elemental sulfur: 2-20 wt. %;
B) 1) layered phyllosilicate: 35-83 wt. %; intercalant agent: 15-45 wt. %; and 2) coupling agent: 2-20 wt. %.
6. The contaminant removal media of claim 5 further including an intercalant agent, and wherein the percentage of components is as follows:
A) 1) organoclay: 50 to 99.5 wt. %; and 2) elemental sulfur: 3-10 wt. %;
B) 1) layered phyllosilicate: 50-77 wt. %; intercalant agent: 20-40 wt. %; and 2) coupling agent: 2-12 wt. %.
7. The contaminant removal media of claim 6 further including an intercalant agent, and wherein the percentage of components is as follows:
A) 1) organoclay: 50 to 99.5 wt. %; and 2) elemental sulfur: 4-6 wt. %;
B) 1) layered phyllosilicate: 59-71 wt. %; intercalant agent: 25-35 wt. %; and 2) coupling agent: 5-9 wt. %.
8. The contaminant removal media of claim 7 wherein the percentage of components is as follows:
A) 1) layered phyllosilicate: 65 wt. %; intercalant agent: 30 wt. %; and 2) coupling agent:5 wt. %;
B) 1) layered phyllosilicate: 65 wt. %; intercalant agent: 28 wt. %; and 2) coupling agent: 7 wt. %.
9. The contaminant removal media of claim 1 , wherein the components of both the sulfur-impregnated media and the coupling agent-reacted media are compacted in an extruder, either as separate media or combined media.
10. A method of removing mercury and/or arsenic from water or for removing mercury from a gas comprising contacting the water or gas with the contaminant removal media of claim 1 .
11. A method of removing mercury and/or arsenic from water or for removing mercury from a gas comprising contacting the water or gas with the contaminant removal media of claim 2 .
12. A method of removing mercury and/or arsenic from water or for removing mercury from a gas comprising contacting the water or gas with the contaminant removal media of claim 3 .
13. A method of removing mercury and/or arsenic from water or for removing mercury from a gas comprising contacting the water or gas with the contaminant removal media of claim 4 .
14. The contaminant removal media of claim 1 , wherein each of the sulfur-impregnated media and the coupling agent-reacted media has a particle size finer than 18 mesh, U.S. Sieve Series.
15. The contaminant removal media of claim 14 , wherein each of the sulfur-impregnated media and the coupling agent-reacted layered phyllosilicate has a particle size finer than 50 mesh, U.S. Sieve Series.
16. A contaminant removal media comprising media A) and B):
A) an intimate mixture of a layered phyllosilicate intercalated with a surface-modifying, layer-expanding intercalant; and sulfur, and
B) a mixture of a layered phyllosilicate intercalated with an intercalant surface modification agent; and a coupling agent containing a mercapto or sulfide moiety intimately mixed for reaction of the coupling agent with the layered phyllosilicate.
17. A method of regenerating contaminated water containing organic and mercury or arsenic contaminants or for regenerating a contaminated gas containing organic and mercury contaminants comprising:
contacting the contaminated water or gas with an organoclay for removal of organic contaminants; and
contacting the contaminated water or gas with the contaminant removal media A) and B) of claim 1 for removal of mercury and/or arsenic contaminants.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the organoclay and each contaminant removal media are contained in separate vessels connected in series.
19. The method of claim 17 wherein the organoclay and both contaminant removal media are contained in the same vessel.
20. The contaminant removal media of claim 1 , wherein the elemental sulfur of media A) has a particle size such that at least 80% of the particles are finer than 18 mesh, U.S. Sieve Series.
21. The contaminant removal media of claim 20 , wherein the elemental sulfur of media A) has a particle size such that at least 80% of the particles are finer than 50 mesh, U.S. Sieve Series.
22. The contaminant removal media of claim 21 ,wherein the elemental sulfur of media A) has a particle size such that at least 80% of the particles are finer than 70 mesh, U.S. Sieve Series.
23. The contaminant removal media of claim 22 , wherein the elemental sulfur of media A) has a particle size such that at least 80% of the particles are finer than 80 mesh, U.S. Sieve Series.
24. The contaminant removal media of claim 23 , wherein the elemental sulfur of media A) has a particle size such that at least 80% of the particles are finer than 100 mesh, U.S. Sieve Series.
25. The contaminant removal media of claim 1 , wherein the media comprises particles having a particle size such that at least 80% by weight of the particles are finer than 5 mm.
26. The contaminant removal media of claim 25 , wherein the media comprises particles having a particle size such that at least 80% by weight of the particles are finer than 3 mm.
27. The contaminant removal media of claim 26 , wherein the media comprises particles having a particle size such that at least 80% by weight of the particles are finer than 2 mm.