Hydrophilic biodegradable adhesives
A moisture-curable and biodegradable adhesive that includes the reaction product of: (a) an isocyanate component having an average functionality of at least 2; (b) an active hydrogen component having an average functionality greater than 2.1; and (c) an ionic salt component having an average hydroxyl or amino functionality, or combination thereof, of at least 1.
1. A tissue adhesive comprising the reaction product of:
(a) an isocyanate component having an average functionality of at least 2;
(b) an active hydrogen component having an average functionality greater than 2.1, wherein the isocyanate component is selected from the group consisting of lysine diisocyanate and derivatives thereof, lysine triisocyanate and derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof; and
(c) an ionic salt component having an average hydroxyl or amino functionality, or combination thereof, of at least 1,
wherein the reaction product is an isocyanate-functional ionic salt that is moisture-curable and biodegradable.
2. A tissue adhesive according to claim 1 wherein the isocyanate component has an average functionality of at least 3.
3. A tissue adhesive according to claim 1 wherein the active hydrogen component is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl-functional components, amine-functional components, and combinations thereof.
4. A tissue adhesive according to claim 1 wherein the active hydrogen component comprises a hydroxyl-functional component.
5. A tissue adhesive according to claim 1 wherein each active hydrogen component has an equivalent weight less than 100.
6. A tissue adhesive according to claim 1 wherein the active hydrogen component consists essentially of components having primary hydroxyl groups, primary amine groups, and combinations there.
7. A tissue adhesive according to claim 1 wherein the active hydrogen component is selected from the group consisting of glycerol, di-glycerol, erythritol, pentaerythritol, xylitol, arabitol, fucitol, ribitol, sorbitol, mannitol, hydroxyalkyl derivatives thereof, esters thereof, and combinations thereof.
8. A tissue adhesive according to claim 7 wherein the active hydrogen component comprises ethoxylated pentaerythritol.
9. A tissue adhesive according to claim 1 wherein the active hydrogen component comprises a hydroxyalkyl derivative of a C3-C10 carboxylic or dicarboxylic acid.
10. A tissue adhesive according to claim 9 wherein the active hydrogen component is selected from the group consisting of dimethylol propionic acid, dimethylol butyric acid, and combinations thereof.
11. A tissue adhesive according to claim 1 wherein the active hydrogen component comprises a hydroxyalkyl derivative of a C3-C10 hydrocarbon.
12. A tissue adhesive according to claim 1 wherein the active hydrogen component comprises trimethylol propane.
13. A tissue adhesive according to claim 1 wherein the active hydrogen component comprises a hydroxyalkyl amine.
14. A tissue adhesive according to claim 13 wherein the active hydrogen component comprises triethanolamine.
15. A tissue adhesive according to claim 1 wherein the active hydrogen component comprises a di-, tri-, or tetraalkylene glycol, or combination thereof.
16. A tissue adhesive according to claim 1 wherein the active hydrogen component is selected from the group consisting of saccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, esters thereof, and combinations thereof.
17. A tissue adhesive according to claim 1 wherein the ionic salt component is selected from the group consisting of ammoniates, halides, sulfonates, phosphonates, carboxylates, and combinations thereof.
18. A tissue adhesive according to claim 1 wherein the ionic salt component comprises a choline halide.
19. A tissue adhesive according to claim 18 wherein the ionic salt component comprises choline chloride.
20. A tissue adhesive according to claim 1 wherein the ionic salt component comprises an ammonium halide.
21. A tissue adhesive according to claim 1 wherein the viscosity of the adhesive is selected such that the adhesive is sprayable.
22. A tissue adhesive according to claim 1 wherein the adhesive further comprises a catalyst.
23. A tissue adhesive according to claim 1 wherein the adhesive further comprises a solvent.
24. A tissue adhesive according to claim 23 wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), glyme, and combinations thereof.
25. A tissue adhesive according to claim 1 further comprising a non-volatile diluent.
26. A tissue adhesive according to claim 25 wherein the non-volatile diluent is selected from the group consisting of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), propylene carbonate, diglyme, polyethylene glycol diacetates, polyethylene glycol dicarbonates, dimethylisosorbide, and combinations thereof.
27. A tissue adhesive according to claim 1 further comprising a volatile diluent.
28. A tissue adhesive according to claim 27 wherein the volatile diluent is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, hydrofluoroalkanes, perfluoroalkanes, carbon dioxide, and combinations thereof.
29. A tissue adhesive according to claim 1 wherein the viscosity of the adhesive is no greater than 5000 cP.
30. A tissue adhesive according to claim 29 wherein the viscosity of the adhesive is between 1 and 3000 cP.