Ball joint assembly and method of making
A ball joint assembly includes a ball stud, a generally cylindrical bearing, a housing and a retainer which retains the bearing in the housing. The generally cylindrical bearing has an upper end, a lower end, a generally cylindrical exterior sidewall, an upper flange located between the upper end and a ring groove formed in the exterior sidewall, a lower flange proximate the lower end and extending outwardly from the exterior sidewall and a socket cavity that opens toward the lower end. The ball portion of the ball stud is engaged in and retained within the socket cavity. The bearing is secured within the housing in a bore within the housing by virtue of the working of the lower flange which is located within a counterbore of the housing and the upper flange and retainer located in the ring groove. Ball joints of the type described are able to resist a pull-out force of greater than 650 lbs and up to about 1200 lbs. They may also be sealed by incorporation of a dust boot which is attached to extends between the housing and the stud portion of the ball stud.
1. A ball joint assembly, comprising:
a ball stud having an attachment stud at one end and a ball portion at an opposing end;
a generally cylindrical bearing having an upper end, a lower end, a generally cylindrical exterior sidewall, and a ring groove formed in said exterior sidewall adjacent said upper end of said bearing, a lower flange adjacent said lower end and extending radially outwardly of said exterior sidewall and a socket cavity that is closed at said upper end of said bearing and is open at said lower end, said ball portion being received and retained within said socket cavity with said attachment stud projecting away from said open lower end of said socket;
a housing having, an outer surface, an upper end, a lower end and a generally cylindrical bore extending therebetween and a counterbore adjacent said lower end of said housing, said bearing received in said bore with said lower flange of said bearing seated in said counterbore of said housing;
said lower end of said bearing and said lower end of said housing having end surfaces that are generally flush with one another to provide a generally smooth continuous plane between said end surface of said bearing and said end surface of said housing;
a retainer received in said ring groove and projecting radially outwardly of said exterior sidewall of said bearing in confronting engagement with said upper end of said housing for cooperating with said lower flange of said bearing to retain said bearing axially against removal from said housing in either axial direction; and
a boot sealed against said outer surface of said housing and against said ball stud.
2. The ball joint assembly of claim 1 , wherein said ball portion is frustospherical.
3. The ball joint assembly of claim 1 , wherein said socket cavity is frustospherical.
4. The ball joint assembly of claim 3 , wherein said socket cavity has a circumferentially tapered lead-in, and wherein said tapered lead-in tapers so as to converge into said socket cavity.
5. The ball joint assembly of claim 4 , where tapered lead in has a taper angle between about 30 and 45°.
6. The ball joint assembly of claim 4 , wherein said tapered lead-in defines a cavity opening into said socket cavity which is smaller than a maximum diameter of said socket cavity.
7. The ball joint assembly of claim 6 , wherein said ball joint assembly is operative, by virtue of said socket opening, to capture and retain said ball stud within said bearing and said housing and to resist a pull-out force of at least 650 lbs. applied to said stud relative to said bearing and said housing.
8. The ball joint assembly of claim 6 , wherein said cavity opening defines an overlap amount in the range of about 0.070-1.40 inches between said maximum diameter of said socket cavity and a maximum diameter of said cavity opening.
9. The ball joint assembly of claim 8 , wherein said ball joint assembly is operative, by virtue of said socket opening, to capture and retain said bearing within said housing and to resist a pull-out force of at least 1000 lbs. applied to said stud relative to said bearing and said housing.
10. The ball joint assembly of claim 9 , wherein said pull-out force is between about 1000-1200 lbs.
11. The ball joint assembly of claim 1 , wherein said bearing includes an exterior surface and incorporates a lead-in taper extending from said top end to said exterior surface.
12. The ball joint assembly of claim 1 , wherein said bearing is a one-piece bearing.
13. The ball joint assembly of claim 1 , wherein said bearing comprises an engineering plastic.
14. The ball joint assembly of claim 1 , wherein said bearing comprises a plurality of slots which extend from said exterior surface to said socket cavity.
15. The ball joint assembly of claim 14 , wherein said slots are longitudinally extending, radially spaced slots with reference to a longitudinal axis of said bearing.
16. The ball joint assembly of claim 14 , wherein said slots are longitudinally extending, laterally spaced slots with reference to a longitudinal axis of said bearing.
17. The ball joint assembly of claim 1 , further comprising an integral bearing cover at a top end of said bearing which encloses said socket cavity.
18. The ball joint assembly of claim 17 , wherein said bearing cover has a relieved portion which is recessed relative to said top end of said bearing.
19. The ball joint assembly of claim 18 , further comprising a plurality of ribs or struts which extend from said top end of said bearing into said relieved portion.
20. The ball joint assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a generally cylindrical elastomeric boot having a housing end and a stud end, said housing end enclosing said housing and said stud end partially enclosing said attachment stud.
21. The ball joint assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a linkage member extending from said housing for one of a vehicle steering system or vehicle suspension.
22. The ball joint assembly of claim 1 , further comprising one of a tie rod, steering linkage or suspension linkage attached to said housing.