Polyester Resins for High-Efficiency Injection Molding
The present invention relates to titanium-catalyzed polyethylene terephthalate resins that are capable of being formed into articles (e.g., carbonated soft drink and water bottle preforms) at reduced injection-molding cycle times. In particular, the titanium-catalyzed polyethylene terephthalate resins of the present invention can be formed into carbonated soft drink bottle preforms at reduced injection-molding cycle times to yield high-clarity, carbonated soft drink bottles that possess satisfactory resistance to stress cracking and thermal creep.
1 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin, comprising:
polyethylene terephthalate polymers including between about 5 and 8 mole percent comonomer substitution;
branching agent in an amount greater than zero and less than about 0.08 percent mole-equivalent branches per mole of standardized polymer, the standardized polymer being unmodified polyethylene terephthalate;
between about 2 and 50 ppm of elemental titanium;
more than about 10 ppm of elemental cobalt;
less than about 100 ppm of elemental antimony, if any; and
more than about 5 ppm of elemental phosphorus; and
wherein the polyethylene terephthalate resin has an L* value of more than about 65 as classified in the CIE L*a*b* color space.
2 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 1 , comprising:
between about 2 and 20 ppm of elemental titanium;
less than about 75 ppm of elemental antimony, if any; and
between about 15 and 75 ppm of elemental phosphorus.
3 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 1 , comprising more than about 20 ppm of elemental phosphorus.
4 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 1 , wherein the polyethylene terephthalate polymers comprise a diacid moiety that includes between about 3 and 6 mole percent isophthalic acid and a diol moiety that includes between about 1 and 4 mole percent diethylene glycol.
5 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 1 , comprising heat-up rate additive that is present in an amount sufficient to improve resin reheating.
6 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 1 , wherein the polyethylene terephthalate resin has an absorbance (A) of at least about 0.25 cm −1 at a wavelength of 1100 nm and at a wavelength of 1280 nm, a 1100:550 absorption ratio of at least about 75 percent, a 1280:550 absorption ratio of at least about 75 percent, a 1100:700 absorption ratio of at least about 85 percent, and a 1280:700 absorption ratio of at least about 85 percent.
7 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 1 , wherein the polyethylene terephthalate resin has an intrinsic viscosity between about 0.50 dL/g and 0.70 dL/g.
8 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 1 , wherein the polyethylene terephthalate resin has an intrinsic viscosity of between about 0.68 dL/g and 0.80 dL/g.
9 . An article formed from the polyethylene terephthalate resin of claim 1 .
10 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin, comprising:
polyethylene terephthalate polymers including more than 6 mole percent comonomer substitution;
branching agent in an amount greater than zero and less than about 0.08 percent mole-equivalent branches per mole of standardized polymer, the standardized polymer being unmodified polyethylene terephthalate;
between about 5 and 25 ppm of elemental titanium;
less than about 100 ppm of elemental antimony, if any; and
heat-up rate additive that is present in an amount sufficient to improve resin reheating; and
wherein the polyethylene terephthalate resin has an L* value of more than about 65 as classified in the CIE L*a*b* color space.
11 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 10 , comprising more than about 20 ppm of elemental phosphorus.
12 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 10 , comprising more than about 60 ppm of elemental phosphorus.
13 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 10 , comprising:
less than about 75 ppm of elemental antimony, if any;
more than about 15 ppm of elemental phosphorus; and
between about 15 and 40 ppm of elemental cobalt.
14 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 10 , comprising:
less than about 25 ppm of elemental antimony, if any; and
more than about 5 ppm of elemental phosphorus.
15 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 10 , wherein the polyethylene terephthalate polymers include between about 7 and 10 mole percent comonomer substitution.
16 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 10 , wherein the polyethylene terephthalate polymers comprise at least about 4 mole percent diol comonomer substitution and less than about 3 mole percent diacid and/or diester comonomer substitution.
17 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 10 , wherein the polyethylene terephthalate polymers comprise at least about 4 mole percent diacid and/or diester comonomer substitution and less than about 3 mole percent diol comonomer substitution.
18 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 10 , comprising branching agent in an amount between about 0.04 and 0.075 percent mole-equivalent branches per mole of standardized polymer, the standardized polymer being unmodified polyethylene terephthalate.
19 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 19 , wherein the branching agent is selected from the group consisting of trifunctional, tetrafunctional, pentafunctional, and hexafunctional alcohols or acids, and mixtures and derivatives thereof, that will copolymerize with polyethylene terephthalate polymers.
20 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 10 , wherein the branching agent is selected from the group consisting of trimesic acid (C 6 H 3 (COOH) 3 ), pyromellitic acid (C 6 H 2 (COOH) 4 ), pyromellitic dianhydride, trimellitic acid, trimellitic anhydride, trimethylol propane (C 2 H 5 C(CH 2 OH) 3 ), ditrimethylol propane (C 2 H 5 C(CH 2 OH) 2 C 2 H 4 OC(CH 2 OH) 2 C 2 H 5 ), dipentaerythritol (CH 2 OHC(CH 2 OH) 2 C 2 H 4 OC(CH 2 OH) 2 CH 2 OH), pentaerythritol (C(CH 2 OH) 4 ), butanetetracarboxylic acid, ethoxylated glycerol, ethoxylated pentaerythritol, ethoxylated trimethylol propane, benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid, benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid, naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, mixtures thereof, and derivatives thereof.
21 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 10 , wherein the heat-up rate additive comprises spinels, carbon black, activated carbon, and/or graphite.
22 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 10 , comprising one or more metal-containing heat-up rate additives.
23 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 10 , comprising a carbon-based heat-up rate additive that is present in the resin in an amount between about 4 and 16 ppm.
24 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 10 , wherein the polyethylene terephthalate resin has an absorbance (A) of at least about 0.20 cm −1 at a wavelength of 1100 nm and at a wavelength of 1280 nm.
25 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 24 , wherein the polyethylene terephthalate resin has a 1100:550 absorption ratio of at least about 70 percent and a 1280:550 absorption ratio of at least about 70 percent.
26 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 24 , wherein the polyethylene terephthalate resin has a 1100:700 absorption ratio of at least about 90 percent and a 1280:700 absorption ratio of at least about 90 percent.
27 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 10 , wherein the polyethylene terephthalate resin has an absorbance (A) of at least about 0.25 cm −1 at a wavelength of 1100 nm or at a wavelength of 1280 nm.
28 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 27 , wherein a 1100:550 absorption ratio of at least about 70 percent, a 1280:550 absorption ratio of at least about 70 percent, a 1100:700 absorption ratio of at least about 85 percent, and a 1280:700 absorption ratio of at least about 85 percent.
29 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 10 , wherein the polyethylene terephthalate resin has an intrinsic viscosity of more than about 0.6 dL/g.
30 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 10 , wherein the polyethylene terephthalate resin has an intrinsic viscosity of between about 0.68 dL/g and 0.80 dL/g.
31 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 10 , wherein the polyethylene terephthalate resin has an intrinsic viscosity of between about 0.78 dL/g and 0.86 dL/g.
32 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 10 , wherein the polyethylene terephthalate resin possesses an L* value of more than about 70 as classified in the CIE L*a*b* color space.
33 . An article formed from the polyethylene terephthalate resin of claim 10 .
34 . A film or sheet formed from the polyethylene terephthalate resin of claim 10 .
35 . A preform or container formed from the polyethylene terephthalate resin of claim 10 .
36 . A container designed for a product capacity of less than about 2.5 liters and formed from the polyethylene terephthalate resin of claim 10 , wherein the container has sidewall thickness of less than 0.5 mm and sidewall haze of less than about 5 percent.
37 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin, comprising:
polyethylene terephthalate polymers including more than 6 mole percent comonomer substitution and less than 12 mole percent comonomer substitution;
branching agent in an amount greater than zero and less than about 0.08 percent mole-equivalent branches per mole of standardized polymer, the standardized polymer being unmodified polyethylene terephthalate;
between about 2 and 20 ppm of elemental titanium;
less than about 100 ppm of elemental antimony, if any;
at least about 5 ppm of elemental phosphorus; and
(i) a metal-containing heat-up rate additive that is present in the resin in an amount between about 10 and 300 ppm, and/or (ii) a carbon-based heat-up rate additive that is present in the resin in an amount greater than 0 ppm and less than about 25 ppm; and
wherein the polyethylene terephthalate resin has an intrinsic viscosity between about 0.50 dL/g and 0.90 dL/g; and
wherein the polyethylene terephthalate resin has an L* value of more than about 65 as classified in the CIE L*a*b* color space.
38 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 37 , comprising branching agent in an amount between about 0.025 to about 0.05 percent mole-equivalent branches per mole of standardized polymer, the standardized polymer being unmodified polyethylene terephthalate.
39 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 37 , comprising at least about 20 ppm of elemental phosphorus.
40 . A polyethylene terephthalate resin according to claim 37 , comprising at least about 10 ppm of elemental cobalt.
41 . A preform or container formed from the polyethylene terephthalate resin of claim 37 .