Substituted diazabicycloalkane derivatives having affinity for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

1. A compound of the formula (I):

Z—Ar 1 -Ar 2   (I)

wherein:

Z is a diazabicyclic amine of formula:

Ar 1 is a pyridine ring of formula:

wherein, only one of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 is N and the remaining are —CR 3 ;

Ar 2 is selected from the group consisting of 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, bicyclic heteroaryl, 3,4-(methylenedioxy) phenyl, carbazolyl, tetrahydrocarbazolyl, naphthyl, and phenyl, substituted with 0, 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxysulfonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkylsulfonyl, alkylthio, alkynyl, carboxy, cyano, formyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, mercapto, nitro, —NR A R B , (NR A R B )alkyl, (NR A R B )carbonyl, (NR A R B )sulfonyl, and phenyl;

l, m, o, and p are each independently 0, 1, or 2, and n is 0, provided that the sum total of l, m, n, o, and p is 3, 4, or 5, and further provided that the sum of l and o is at least 1 and the sum of m and p is at least 1;

R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl alkoxycarbonyl, arylalkyl, and heteroarylalkyl;

R 2 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkoxycarbonyl, and alkyl;

R 3 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, and hydroxy;

R A and R B are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylcarbonyl, formyl and (NR C R D )sulfonyl; and

R C and R D are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

2. The compound as in claim 1 , wherein Z is the diazabicyclic amine selected from the group consisting of:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, thereof.

3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Ar 2 is selected from the group consisting of benzofuranyl; benzothienyl; carbazolyl; tetrahydrocarbazolyl; furyl; imidazolyl; 3-indolyl; 4-indolyl; 5-indolyl; isoxazolyl; naphthyl; pyrazolyl; pyridazinyl; pyridyl; pyrimidinyl; 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl; quinolinyl; thienyl; 3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl; and phenyl; wherein the phenyl is substituted with 0, 1, or 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, carboxy, cyano, halogen, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, hydroxy, nitro, —NR A R B , (NR A R B ) alkyl, (NR A R B ) alkoxy, and phenyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Ar 2 is selected from the group consisting of:

wherein R 4 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, carboxy, cyano, halogen, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, hydroxy, nitro, —NR A R B , (NR A R B )alkyl, (NR A R B )alkoxy, and phenyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Ar 2 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, para-acetylaminophenyl, meta-aminophenyl, para-aminophenyl, para(2-(diethylamino)ethoxy)phenyl, meta(2-(diethylamino)ethoxy)phenyl, para-(dimethylamino)phenyl, para-bromophenyl, meta-cyanophenyl, para-cyanophenyl, meta-hydroxyphenyl, para-hydroxyphenyl, para-iodophenyl, meta-methylphenyl, para-methylphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, meta-methoxyphenyl, para-methoxyphenyl, meta-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, meta-nitrophenyl, para-nitrophenyl, and meta-trifluoromethylphenyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Z is

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

7. The compound of claim 6 , wherein Ar 2 is selected from the group consisting of 3-indolyl, 5-indolyl; 1-methyl-3-indolyl, 1-methyl-5-indolyl, 3-methyl-5-indolyl, 3,4-(methylenedioxy) phenyl, and phenyl, wherein Ar 2 is substituted with 0, 1, or 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, carboxy, cyano, halogen, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, hydroxy, nitro, —NR A R B , (NR A R B )alkyl, (NR A R B )alkoxy, and phenyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

8. The compound of claim 6 , wherein

Z is

Ar 2 is selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl and bicyclic heteroaryl,provided that Ar 2 is not 1-pyrrolyl or 1-indolyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, thereof.

9. The compound of claim 1 , selected from the group consisting of:

2-(6-Phenyl-pyridin-3-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-(6-o-Tolyl-pyridin-3-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-(6-m-Tolyl-pyridin-3-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-(6-biphenyl-3-yl-pyridin-3-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-(6-biphenyl-3-yl-pyridin-3-yl)-5-methyl-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-[6-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyridin-3-yl]-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-methyl-5-[6-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyridin-3-yl]-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

3-[5-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-phenylamine;

5-(6-furan-3-yl-pyridin-3-yl)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-(6-furan-3-yl-pyridin-3-yl)-5-methyl-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-(6-benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl-pyridin-3-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-(6-benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl-pyridin-3-yl)-5-methyl-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-(5-phenyl-pyridin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-methyl-5-(5-phenyl-pyridin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

(1R,5R)-1-{4-[5-(3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-phenyl}-ethanone;

(1R,5R)-1-{4-[5-(6-methyl-3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-phenyl}-ethanone;

6a-methyl-5-(6-m-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrole;

2-methyl-5-(5-pyrimidin-5-yl-pyridin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-methyl-5-[5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

3-[6-(5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyridin-3-yl]-benzonitrile;

2-[5-(2-methoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-5-methyl-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-[5-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-5-methyl-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-methyl-5-[5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-[5-(3,5-dimethyl-isoxazol-4-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-5-methyl-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

6-(5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-[3,3′]bipyridinyl;

6-(5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-[3,4′]bipyridinyl;

4-[6-(5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyridin-3-yl]-benzonitrile;

6′-(5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-[3,3′]bipyridinyl-6-ylamine;

2-methyl-5-[5-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-methyl-5-[5-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

6′-(5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-[3,3′]bipyridinyl-2-carbonitrile;

2-(5-furan-3-yl-pyridin-2-yl)-5-methyl-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-methyl-5-(5-thiophen-2-yl-pyridin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-methyl-5-(5-thiophen-3-yl-pyridin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-(5-benzofuran-5-yl-pyridin-2-yl)-5-methyl-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-(5-furan-2-yl-pyridin-2-yl)-5-methyl-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

3-[6-(5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyridin-3-yl]-9H-carbazole;

5-[6-(5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyridin-3-yl]-1H-indole;

4-[6-(5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyridin-3-yl]-1H-indole;

2-[6-(5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyridin-3-yl]-2H-pyridazin-3-one;

2-[6-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-pyridin-3-yl]-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

2-[6-(3-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pyridin-3-yl]-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-(6-thiophen-3-yl-pyridin-3-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

8-[5-(hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-quinoline;

2-(6-naphthalen-2-yl-pyridin-3-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-(6-benzofuran-2-yl-pyridin-3-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-methyl-5-(6-o-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-methyl-5-(6-m-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-methyl-5-(6-phenyl-pyridin-3-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-[6-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-pyridin-3-yl]-5-methyl-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-methyl-5-[6-(3-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-pyridin-3-yl]-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-methyl-5-[6-(3-nitro-phenyl)-pyridin-3-yl]-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

2-methyl-5-(6-thiophen-3-yl-pyridin-3-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

8-[5-(5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-quinoline;

2-methyl-5-(6-naphthalen-2-yl-pyridin-3-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole;

5-[5-(5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-1H-indole;

4-[5-(5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-1H-indole;

5-[5-(5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-quinoline;

(1S,5S)-5-[6-(3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-yl)-pyridin-3-yl]-3-methyl-1H-indazole;

(1R,5R)-{4-[5-(3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-phenyl}-dimethyl-amine;

(1R,5R)-6-methyl-3-(6-m-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane;

(1R,5R)-6-methyl-3-(6-p-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane;

(1R,5R)-3-[5-(6-methyl-3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-benzonitrile;

(1R,5R)-3-[6-(4-ethyl-phenyl)-pyridin-3-yl]-6-methyl-3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane;

(1R,5R)-dimethyl-{4-[5-(6-methyl-3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-phenyl}-amine;

(1R,5R)-3-[6-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-pyridin-3-yl]-6-methyl-3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane;

(1R,5R)-3-(6-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-pyridin-3-yl)-6-methyl-3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane;

(1R,5R)-3-[6-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-pyridin-3-yl]-6-methyl-3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane;

(1R,5R)-3-[6-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-pyridin-3-yl]-6-methyl-3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane;

(1R,5R)-6-methyl-3-(6-phenyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane;

(1R,5R)-5-(6-methyl-3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-yl)-[2,3′]bipyridinyl;

(1R,5R)-5-[5-(6-methyl-3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-1H-indole;

(1S,5S)-5-[5-(6-methyl-3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-1H-indole;

(1R,5S)-6-(6-phenyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane;

(1R,5S)-6-(6-m-tolyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane;

(1R,5S)-3-methyl-6-(6-phenyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane;

(1R,5S)-5-[5-(3-methyl-3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-1H-indole;

(1S,5S)-5-[6-(3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-yl)-pyridin-3-yl]-1H-indole;

(1S,5S)-3-(5-phenyl-pyridin-2-yl)-3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane;

(1S,5S)-6-methyl-3-(5-phenyl-pyridin-2-yl)-3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane;

(1S,5S)-5-[6-(6-methyl-3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-yl)-pyridin-3-yl]-1H-indole;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

10. The compound of claim 1 that is (1R,5R)-5-[5-(6-methyl-3,6-diaza-bicyclo [3.2.0]hept-3-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-1H-indole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

11. The compound of claim 1 that is (1S,5S)-5-[5-(6-methyl-3,6-diaza-bicyclo [3.2.0]hept-3-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-1H-indole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

12. The compound of claim 1 that is 5-[5-(5-methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-1H-indole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

13. The compound of claim 1 that is 2-(6-thiophen-3-yl-pyridin-3-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo [3,4-c]pyrrole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

14. The compound of claim 1 that is 2-methyl-5-(6-thiophen-3-yl-pyridin-3-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo [3,4-c]pyrrole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

15. The compound of claim 1 that is (1R,5R)-6-Methyl-3-(6-phenyl-pyridin-3-yl)-3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

16. The compound of claim 1 that is 2-(6-phenyl-pyridin-3-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

17. The compound of claim 1 that is 2-methyl-5-(6-phenyl-pyridin-3-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or amide thereof.

18. The compound of claim 1 that is (1S,5S)-5-[6-(6-methyl-3,6-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-yl)-pyridin-3-yl]-1H-indole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or amide thereof.

19. The compound of claim 1 that is 2-(5-phenyl-pyridin-2-yl)-octahydro-pyrrolo [3,4-c]pyrrole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

20. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.