Mold apparatus for forming polymer and method

1. A mold apparatus for forming polymer comprising:

a first mold portion comprising a first mold surface which is magnetic;

a second mold portion having an opposing mold surface that opposes the first mold surface when the apparatus is in use and wherein the second mold portion comprises an induction heating unit which provides induction heat energy to the mold apparatus and which is at least partially embedded in the second mold portion;

wherein the mold apparatus is constructed and arranged such that in use the polymer to be formed is positioned between the first mold surface of the first mold portion and the opposing mold surface of the second mold portion and wherein the mold apparatus is constructed and arranged to dissipate greater than about 50% of the induction heat energy in the first mold portion; and

wherein the opposing mold surface is magnetic and non-electrically conductive.

2. A mold apparatus for forming polymer comprising:

a mold portion comprising a first mold surface which is magnetic;

a second mold portion having an opposing mold surface that opposes the first mold surface when the apparatus is in use and wherein the second mold portion comprises an induction heating unit which provides induction heat energy to the mold apparatus and which is at least partially embedded in the second mold portion;

wherein the mold apparatus is constructed and arranged such that in use the polymer to be formed is positioned between the first mold surface of the first mold portion and the opposing mold surface of the second mold portion and wherein the mold apparatus is constructed and arranged to dissipate greater than about 50% of the induction heat energy in the first mold portion; and

wherein the opposing mold surface is non-magnetic.

3. The mold apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the saturation flux density of the opposing mold surface ranges from about 0.4 Tesla to about 2.2 Tesla.

4. The mold apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the induction heating unit comprises a stator and at least one coil wound on the stator.

5. The mold apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the at least one coil is wound around the stator in a transverse loop arrangement.

6. The mold apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the at least one coil is wound around the stator in a vertical loop arrangement.

7. The mold apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the second mold portion further comprises a base disposed between the stator and the at least one coil of the vertical loop arrangement.

8. The mold apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the distance between the induction heating unit and the first mold surface is less than about 60 millimeters when the mold is in the closed position.

9. The mold apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the stator comprises a material selected from: silicon steel, ferrite, permandur, hyperco, amorphous materials, and mixtures thereof.

10. The mold apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the distance between the induction heating unit and the opposing mold surface is about 30 millimeters or less.

11. The mold apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the induction heating unit generates heat in a single phase.

12. The mold apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the induction heating unit generates heat in multiple phases.

13. The mold apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the induction heating unit comprises at least one coil and the at least one coil is configured in multiple phases and multiple poles.

14. The mold apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the induction heating unit comprises at least one coil and the at least one coil is substantially equidistant to the first mold surface to provide substantially equal distribution of the magnetic flux created on the magnetic mold surface.

15. The mold apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the pitch of the at least one coil is substantially constant to provide uniform magnetic field distribution along the first mold surface.

16. The mold apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the pitch of the at least one coil is varied to provide uniform magnetic field distribution along the first mold surface.

17. The mold apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the first mold portion comprises fluid passageways for cooling the mold.

18. The mold apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the second mold portion comprises fluid passageways for cooling the mold.

19. The mold apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the power supplied to the induction heating unit is less than about 3 megawatts per square meter.

20. The mold apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the first mold portion further comprises an insulation block adjacent to the first mold surface.

21. The mold apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the first mold portion comprises no induction heating unit.

22. The mold apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the first mold surface comprises a material selected from the group: iron, steel, carbon, magnesium and alloys thereof; and wherein the opposing mold surface of the second mold portion comprises another material selected from the group: ceramics, glass, wood, polymers, copper, aluminum, non-magnetic stainless steel, and mixtures thereof.

23. The mold apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the opposing mold surface of the second mold portion comprises a material selected from the group of: ceramics, glass, wood, non-magnetic stainless steel and mixtures thereof.

24. The mold apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first mold portion comprises no induction heating unit.

25. The mold apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the first mold portion comprises no induction heating unit.

26. The mold apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the first mold portion comprises no induction heating unit.

27. The mold apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first mold surface comprises a material selected from the group: iron, steel, carbon, magnesium and alloys thereof; and wherein the opposing mold surface of the second mold portion comprises another material selected from the group: cobalt-based materials, amorphous materials, ceramics, beryllium, and mixtures thereof.

28. The mold apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the opposing mold surface of the second mold portion comprises a material selected from the group of: copper, aluminum, beryllium, bronze, ceramics, and mixtures thereof.

29. The mold apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the first mold surface comprises a material selected from the group: iron, steel, carbon, magnesium and alloys thereof; and wherein the opposing mold surface of the second mold portion comprises another material selected from the group: cobalt-based materials, amorphous materials, ceramics, beryllium, glass, wood, polymers, copper, aluminum, non-magnetic stainless steel, and mixtures thereof.

30. The mold apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the opposing mold surface of the second mold portion comprises a material selected from the group of: copper, aluminum, beryllium, bronze, ceramics, glass, wood, non-magnetic stainless steel and mixtures thereof.

31. The mold apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the first mold surface comprises a material selected from the group: iron, steel, carbon, magnesium and alloys thereof; and wherein the opposing mold surface of the second mold portion comprises another material selected from the group: cobalt-based materials, amorphous materials, ceramics, beryllium, glass, wood, polymers, copper, aluminum, non-magnetic stainless steel, and mixtures thereof.

32. The mold apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the opposing mold surface of the second mold portion comprises a material selected from the group of: copper, aluminum, beryllium, bronze, ceramics, glass, wood, non-magnetic stainless steel and mixtures thereof.

33. The mold apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the saturation flux density of the opposing mold surface ranges from about 0.4 Tesla to about 2.2 Tesla.

34. The mold apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the saturation flux density of the opposing mold surface ranges from about 0.4 Tesla to about 2.2 Tesla.