Poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) and articles therewith
View Patent ↗Disclosed is a composition comprising poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) and one or more carboxylic acids having about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms wherein the carboxylic acid is present in the composition from 0.5 to about 15%, based on the weight of the composition and the carboxylic acid includes aromatic carboxylic acid, aliphatic carboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid, aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid; or combinations of two or more thereof. Also disclosed are a process that can be used for producing the composition and an article comprising the composition.
1. A composition comprising or produced from poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid), a nucleator, a core shell polymer, and optionally an ethylene copolymer wherein
the poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) comprises a poly(lactic acid) having a melting point of from 145° C. to 155° C.;
the poly(lactic acid) comprises monomers derived from L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid;
a sample of the composition, when heated in a Differential Scanning Calorimeter from ambient temperature to 25° C. above its melting point at about 10° C./minute, develops >1 J/g in the crystallization exotherm;
the nucleator is a carboxylic acid and is present in the composition from 0.5 to about 15% based on the weight of the composition; and the carboxylic acid includes aromatic carboxylic acid, aliphatic carboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid, aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acid, or combinations of two or more thereof; and if the composition comprises the ethylene copolymer, the carboxylic acid is optionally in the form of an alkyl ester, alkyl amide, or combinations thereof; and
the core/shell polymer does not comprise a vinyl aromatic comonomer and has a refractive index not greater than 1.5; the core is alkyl acrylate polymer.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein
the core of the core-shell polymer comprises an alkyl acrylate polymer; and
the shell of the core-shell polymer comprises a polymethyl methacrylate and optionally comprising functional groups including epoxy, carboxylic acid, amine, or combinations of two or more thereof.
3. The composition of claim 2 wherein the alkyl acrylate polymer is cross-linked.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition further comprises an ethylene copolymer.
5. The composition of claim 4 wherein the ethylene copolymer is a dipolymer.
6. The composition of claim 5 wherein the ethylene copolymer is an ethylene glycidyl methacrylate dipolymer.
7. The composition of claim 6 wherein the nucleator is stearic acid, its alkyl ester, its alkyl amide, or combinations of two or more thereof.
8. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition is produced from a concentrated master batch comprising 10 to 50% of stearic acid and about 50 to 90% of poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) by mixing the concentrated master batch with more poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) and or the core-shell polymer.
9. The composition of claim 1 wherein the poly(lactic acid) is a copolymer of lactic acid and glycolic acid.
10. A process comprising contacting a poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) composition with a nucleator and core shell polymer to produce the composition of claim 1 ; producing a film or sheet from the composition; and thermoforming the film or sheet into an article wherein during the thermoforming, the crystallization of the poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) is increased.
11. The process of claim 10 wherein the nucleator is present in the composition from 1.2 to about 10%, based on the weight of the composition of the poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid).
12. The process of claim 11 wherein the carboxylic acid includes lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, erucic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, or combinations of two or more thereof.
13. The process of claim 11 wherein the carboxylic acid is stearic acid and the thermoforming is carried out at a temperature in the range of about 160° C. to about 400° C. and a pressure in the range of 0 kPa to about 60 MPa.
14. An article comprising or produced from a composition wherein the article includes film, sheet, molded article, or combinations of two or more thereof and the composition is as recited in claim 1 .
15. The article of claim 14 wherein
the article is film or sheet; and
the nucleator is present in the composition from 1.2 to about 10% and is stearic acid.
16. The article of claim 14 wherein the composition further comprises an ethylene copolymer; and the ethylene copolymer is a dipolymer.
17. The article of claim 14 wherein the article is a thermoformed article and the article is transparent.
18. The article of claim 17 wherein the article is tray, cup, cap, bowl, or lid.