System for guiding and piloting an aircraft in case of inability of the pilots

1. An aircraft guidance and piloting system, comprising:

an engagement unit which comprises:

at least one engagement detector that detects indications that signal pilot inability to control the aircraft, and

a processor linked to the detector that deduces the detected indications and transmits an engagement command;

at least one control unit which comprises:

a guidance and piloting unit that guides and pilots the aircraft towards an alternative airport upon receipt of the transmitted engagement command from the processor, said guidance and piloting unit comprising:

an aircraft control unit that actuates aircraft control elements, and

an alternative airport determination unit that determines the alternative airport; and

a landing unit that prepares and executes a landing of the aircraft at said determined alternative airport, said landing unit comprising:

a landing controller that orders leading-edge slats, high-lift flaps and aircraft landing gear to be extended on approaching the alternative airport,

a guidance controller that guides the aircraft, during landing, along an approach gradient and along a runway axis of the alternative airport, and upon landing, guides the aircraft along the runway axis, and

a ground speed controller that slows ground speed of the aircraft; and

a communication unit which comprises a data receiver and a data transmitter, in which the communication unit communicates with dialog stations located outside the aircraft, wherein

the communication unit is linked to said control unit so that the data receiver receives longitudinal and lateral guidance instructions from outside the aircraft and the data transmitter transmits the instructions to said control unit so as to provide for external guidance of the aircraft.

2. The system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said engagement unit comprises at least one of the following:

at least one sensor which measures at least one parameter value inside the aircraft;

at least one actuation unit actuated manually by an operator; and

an engagement command receiver which receives an engagement code from outside the aircraft.

3. The system as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a manual piloting unit which comprises at least one manual actuator which enables an operator to request a reversion to manual piloting and a deactivation command unit which generates, upon actuation of the manual actuator, a deactivation command and transmits the deactivation command to said control unit.

4. The system as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the at least one manual actuator is an aircraft control handle.

5. The system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said airport determination unit determines the alternative airport from at least one of the following selection criteria:

intrinsic constraints relating to aircraft status;

external conditions; and

environmental constraints.

6. The system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said guidance and piloting unit comprises a flight plan generator that generates a flight plan for reaching said alternative airport.

7. The system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said guidance and piloting unit comprises a guidance instruction generator that generates guidance commands for guiding the aircraft to the alternative airport.

8. An aircraft, which comprises the guidance and piloting system of claim 1 .