A faucet includes a first valve plate comprising a base material and a strengthening layer provided above the base material. An amorphous diamond material is provided above the strengthening layer. The amorphous diamond material has a coefficient of friction that is lower than that of diamond-like carbon and has a hardness that is greater than that of diamond-like carbon.
1. A faucet comprising:
a first valve plate comprising a base material;
a strengthening layer provided above the base material; and
an amorphous diamond material provided above the strengthening layer, the amorphous diamond material having a coefficient of friction that is lower than that of diamond-like carbon and has a hardness that is greater than that of diamond-like carbon.
2. The faucet of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous diamond material has sp 3 bonding of at least about 40%, a hardness of at least about 45 GPa, and an elastic modulus of greater than about 400 GPa.
3. The faucet of claim 1 , wherein the strengthening layer comprises at least one of tantalum and niobium.
4. The faucet of claim 3 , wherein the strengthening layer comprises a at least one of tantalum nitride and niobium nitride.
5. The faucet of claim 1 , wherein the strengthening layer comprises at least one material selecting from the group consisting of diamond-like carbon, chromium, zirconium, and tungsten.
6. The faucet of claim 1 , wherein the base material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, aluminum, brass, titanium, zirconium, a glass, a cermet, a glass containing material, a polymeric material, and a composite material.
7. The faucet of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous diamond material consists essentially of carbon.
8. The faucet of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous diamond material has a thickness less than about 10 microns.
9. The faucet of claim 1 , further comprising an layer of material provided between the strengthening layer and the amorphous diamond material.
10. The faucet of claim 1 , further comprising a second valve plate comprising an amorphous diamond material provided thereon, the second valve plate provided in contact with the first valve plate.
11. A faucet comprising:
a fluid control valve comprising a plurality of valve components, at least one of the valve components comprising:
a substrate;
a strengthening layer provided above the base material; and
an amorphous diamond material provided above the strengthening layer, the amorphous diamond material having a coefficient of friction that is lower than that of diamond-like carbon, a hardness that is greater than that of diamond-like carbon, and sp 3 bonding of at least about 40%.
12. The faucet of claim 11 , wherein the amorphous diamond material has a hardness of at least about 45 GPa and an elastic modulus of greater than about 400 GPa.
13. The faucet of claim 11 , wherein the strengthening layer comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of tantalum and niobium.
14. The faucet of claim 13 , wherein the strengthening layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of tantalum nitride and niobium nitride.
15. The faucet of claim 11 , wherein the strengthening layer comprises at least one material selecting from the group consisting of diamond-like carbon, chromium, zirconium, and tungsten.
16. The faucet of claim 11 , wherein the substrate comprises a material selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, aluminum, brass, titanium, zirconium, a glass, a cermet, a glass containing material, a polymeric material, and a composite material.
17. The faucet of claim 11 , wherein the amorphous diamond material has a thickness less than about 10 microns.
18. The faucet of claim 11 , further comprising an layer of material provided between the strengthening layer and the amorphous diamond material.
19. The faucet of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of valve components are provided in the form of disks.
20. A faucet comprising:
a first valve component; and
a second valve component configured for sliding engagement with the first valve component;
wherein at least one of first valve component and the second valve component comprises a substrate, a layer of material comprising at least one of tantalum and niobium provided above the substrate, and a layer of amorphous diamond material provided above the strengthening layer, the amorphous diamond material having a coefficient of friction that is lower than that of diamond-like carbon and a hardness that is greater than that of diamond-like carbon.
21. The faucet of claim 20 , wherein the amorphous diamond material has a hardness of at least about 45 GPa and an elastic modulus of greater than about 400 GPa.
22. The faucet of claim 20 , wherein both the first valve component and the second valve component comprise a substrate, a layer of material comprising at least one of tantalum and niobium provided above the substrate, and a layer of amorphous diamond material provided above the strengthening layer.
23. The faucet of claim 20 , wherein the layer of material comprising at least one of tantalum and niobium comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of tantalum nitride and niobium nitride.
24. The faucet of claim 20 , wherein the substrate comprises a material selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, aluminum, brass, titanium, zirconium, a glass, a cermet, a glass containing material, a polymeric material, and a composite material.
25. The faucet of claim 20 , wherein the amorphous diamond material has a thickness less than about 10 microns.
26. The faucet of claim 20 , wherein at least one of the first valve component and the second valve component is provided in the form of a disk.